[
  {
    "phenotype_id": "PH3979",
    "phenotype_version_id": 9176,
    "name": "blindness",
    "definition": "This codelist was taken from [OpenCodelists](https://www.opencodelists.org/), created by [OpenSAFELY](https://www.opensafely.org/). We recommend viewing this Phenotype on the OpenCodelist website to view the most recent version.\n\n\n© University of Oxford for the Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science 2025\\. This work may be copied freely for non\\-commercial research and study.\n\n",
    "implementation": null,
    "publications": null,
    "validation": null,
    "citation_requirements": null,
    "created": "2026-01-26T23:42:01.273807Z",
    "author": "QMUL Multimorbidity",
    "collections": [
      {
        "name": "OpenCodelist",
        "value": 31
      },
      {
        "name": "Phenotype Library",
        "value": 18
      }
    ],
    "tags": null,
    "organisation": {
      "id": 1,
      "slug": "opensafely",
      "name": "OpenSAFELY"
    },
    "world_access": 1,
    "updated": "2026-01-26T23:42:01.269698Z",
    "references": [],
    "signed_off": [],
    "methodology": "",
    "coding_system": [
      {
        "name": "Read codes v2",
        "value": 5
      }
    ],
    "open_codelist_id": "qmul-multimorbidity/blindness",
    "source_reference": "https://www.opencodelists.org/codelist/qmul-multimorbidity/blindness/396709c0",
    "concept_information": [
      {
        "concept_id": 9353,
        "concept_version_id": 16838,
        "concept_name": "qmul-multimorbidity/blindness/396709c0",
        "coding_system": {
          "id": 5,
          "name": "Read codes v2",
          "description": "Read codes v2"
        },
        "phenotype_id": "PH3979",
        "phenotype_version_id": 9176,
        "phenotype_name": "blindness",
        "code_attribute_header": [
          "Medcode",
          "ReadcodeDescr",
          "Category",
          "Provenance"
        ],
        "codes": [
          {
            "code": "1B75.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "3268",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Loss of vision",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B69.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "33015",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E -R-eye counts fingers only",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6A.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "26722",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E-R-eye perceives light only",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6A.11",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "10388",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - blind R-eye",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6B.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "33014",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - R-eye completely blind",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6C.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "45030",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - R-eye sees hand movements",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6P.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "48983",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - pinhole R-eye sees hand movements",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6Q.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "47158",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - pinhole R-eye counts fingers only",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6R.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "41060",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - pinhole R-eye perceives light only",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6S.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "51274",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - pinhole R-eye completely blind",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6T.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "45786",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - R-eye visual acuity (corrected) 1/60",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6V.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "47911",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - R-eye visual acuity (corrected) 2/60",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6W.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "38166",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - R-eye visual acuity (corrected) 4/60",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B6X.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "66391",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - R-eye visual acuity (corrected) 5/60",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B79.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "35515",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E -L-eye counts fingers only",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7A.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "38167",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E-L-eye perceives light only",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7A.11",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "3852",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - blind L-eye",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7B.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "33016",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - L-eye completely blind",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7C.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "33017",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - L-eye sees hand movements",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7P.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "50925",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - pinhole L-eye sees hand movements",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7Q.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "49283",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - pinhole L-eye counts fingers only",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7R.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "54514",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - pinhole L-eye perceives light only",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7S.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "54513",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - pinhole L-eye completely blind",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7T.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "47912",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - L-eye visual acuity (corrected) 1/60",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7V.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "60032",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - L-eye visual acuity (corrected) 2/60",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7W.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "38168",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - L-eye visual acuity (corrected) 4/60",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2B7X.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "65569",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - L-eye visual acuity (corrected) 5/60",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2BBo.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "52630",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "O/E - sight threatening diabetic retinopathy",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "2BBr.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "101881",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Impaired vision due to diabetic retinopathy",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "6688",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "2746",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Registered partially sighted",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "6688.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "2746",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Registered partially sighted",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "6688.11",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "6768",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Registered partially blind",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "6689",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "510",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Registered blind",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "6689.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "510",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Registered blind",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "6689.11",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "101051",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Registered severely sight impaired",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "668B.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "555",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Poor visual acuity",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "668C.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "13152",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Certificate of vision impairment",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "668D.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "100999",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Registered sight impaired",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "8F61.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "67126",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Blind rehabilitation",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "8F6..11",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "55846",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Blind rehabilitation",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "8F62.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "91521",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Blind lead dog rehabilitation",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "8HlE.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "98935",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Referral to visual impairment multidisciplinary team",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "9m08.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "106329",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Excluded from diabetic retinopathy screening as blind",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "9NfB.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "105795",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Requires deafblind communicator guide",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "9NlD.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "98226",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Seen by visual impairment teacher",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F404100",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "10868",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Blind hypotensive eye",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F404200",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "37086",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Blind hypertensive eye",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F49..00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "8367",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Blindness and low vision",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F490.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "1990",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Blindness, both eyes",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F490000",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "55108",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Unspecified blindness both eyes",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F490100",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "55436",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Both eyes total visual impairment",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F490200",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "98672",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: near total VI, Lesser eye: unspecified",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F490400",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "96455",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: near total VI, Lesser eye: near total VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F490600",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "99191",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: profound VI, Lesser eye: total VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F490900",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "42262",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Acquired blindness, both eyes",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F490z00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "47956",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Blindness both eyes NOS",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F491.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "55844",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: low vision, Lesser eye: profound VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F491000",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "29387",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "One eye blind, one eye low vision",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F49..11",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "6020",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Impaired vision",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F491100",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "99504",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: severe VI, Lesser eye: blind, unspecified",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F49..12",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "12493",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Low vision",
              "Category": "None",
              "Provenance": "Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F49..13",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "3976",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Partial sight",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F491300",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "50679",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: severe VI, Lesser eye: near total VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F49..14",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "9645",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Sight impaired",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F491400",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "67594",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: severe VI, Lesser eye: profound VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F491500",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "68391",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: moderate VI, Lesser eye: blind, unspecified",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F491700",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "72411",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: moderate VI, Lesser eye: near total VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F491z00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "54962",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "One eye blind, one eye low vision NOS",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F492.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "7203",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Low vision, both eyes",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F492000",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "40451",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Low vision, both eyes unspecified",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F492200",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "66731",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: severe VI, Lesser eye: severe VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F492300",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "73224",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: moderate VI, Lesser eye: low vision unspecified",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F492400",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "68386",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: moderate VI, Lesser eye: severe VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F492500",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "71319",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Better eye: moderate VI, Lesser eye: moderate VI",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F492z00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "33447",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Low vision, both eyes NOS",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F493.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
              "Medcode": "20256",
              "ReadcodeDescr": "Visual loss, both eyes unqualified",
              "Category": "Diagnosis of blindness",
              "Provenance": "Kuan and Cambridge"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "F494.00",
            "description": "Visual impairment and blindness",
            "attributes": {
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