[ { "phenotype_id": "PH495", "phenotype_version_id": 990, "name": "Anticoagulants", "definition": "Data source: \n\nWe used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a large primary care database that holds complete electronic patient records (including diagnoses, prescriptions and referrals) from participating family practices across the UK. A hierarchical clinical coding system (Read) is used to record the data. In July 2012, data were available for 644 practices and 13,772,992 patients. Full details of the database have been provided elsewhere.\n\n\nDiabetes cohort:\n\nWe extracted data from 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2012 and, for ease of reporting and analysing, aggregated information into six financial years. Within each year, practice inclusion eligibility was determined by a CPRD assessment algorithm, which informs on practices considered to be of research standard; therefore, our cohort of practices varied over time. For each research standard practice and year, we defined as eligible patients those who were registered with the practice for the full year and were aged 18 years or over in that year. From these patients, using relevant Read codes for type 2 diabetes (e.g. C10F.00: Type 2 diabetes mellitus) and excluding those treated with insulin within 2 years of diagnosis, we identified 246,544 patients over the study period. Diagnoses were not constrained to the study period and a relevant code prior to the study as well as during the study period would flag a patient from the respective year onwards. Data on sex, age and removal from the database due to deaths were available and complete for all patients.We extracted data on diabetes-related macrovascular (myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease or amputation) and microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy [chronic kidney disease stages 4–5] or foot ulcer) complications as well as comorbidities (asthma, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease [excluded from microvascular analysis], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, dementia, severe mental illness, heart failure, hypertension, stroke [excluded from macrovascular analysis], cancer, epilepsy, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and hypothyroidism). Although we aimed to include all conditions associated with diabetes, the choice was partially determined by the domains incentivised under the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), for which accuracy of diagnosis is considered high. Information was also extracted on smoking (never smoked, current, exsmoker and missing data),BMI, HbA1c levels (%), cholesterol levels (mmol/l) and systolic/diastolic BP (mmHg). Biometric measurement data were cleaned and we calculated patient means for each year when more than one relevant record was available. Using product lists we determined prescription prevalence (at least one) for relevant medications: ACE inhibitors, acarbose, α-blockers, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, β-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide- 1 agonists, statins and other lipid-lowering drugs, meglitinides , metformin, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. For approximately 60% of the practices, records were linked to Office of National Statistics (ONS) mortality data and we had access to death dates for all their patients. For these, using ICD-10 codes (www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/) we were able to estimate deathslinked to specific causes (underlying or in the top three): diabetes (E10–E16), ischaemic heart disease (I21–I22), stroke (I60–I64) or stroke excluding bleeds (excluding I63).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "implementation": "", "publications": [ { "doi": null, "details": "Evangelos Kontopantelis, David A Springate, David Reeves, Darren M. Aschroff, Martin Rutter, Iain Buchan, Tim Doran, Glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels and their relationships to clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetologia, 58:505-518, 2015. " } ], "validation": "", "citation_requirements": "", "created": "2021-10-06T16:22:06.844968Z", "author": "Evangelos Kontopantelis, David A Springate, David Reeves, Darren M. Aschroff, Martin Rutter, Iain Buchan, Tim Doran, Matthias Pierce, Darren M. Ashcroft", "collections": [ { "name": "ClinicalCodes Repository", "value": 25 }, { "name": "Phenotype Library", "value": 18 } ], "tags": null, "organisation": null, "world_access": 1, "updated": "2021-10-06T16:22:06.844997Z", "sex": [ { "name": "Both", "value": "3" } ], "type": [ { "name": "Drug", "value": "3" } ], "ontology": null, "phenoflowid": "", "data_sources": [ { "name": "CPRD GOLD", "value": 5, "uid": "a29feafa-7bdd-44e9-b977-c9d26425e67f", "url": "https://healthdatagateway.org/en/dataset/694", "datasource_id": 694 } ], "coding_system": [ { "name": "GPRD product codes", "value": 14 } ], "event_date_range": "01/04/2006 - 31/03/2012", "concept_information": [ { "concept_id": 1860, "concept_version_id": 4858, "concept_name": "Anticoagulants - Primary Care", "coding_system": { "id": 14, "name": "GPRD product codes", "description": "GPRD product codes" }, "phenotype_id": "PH495", "phenotype_version_id": 990, "phenotype_name": "Anticoagulants", "code_attribute_header": [ "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)", "Entity type", "Category" ], "codes": [ { "code": "13348", "description": "Marevan 5mg tablets (Mercury Pharma Group Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "13501", "description": "Dindevan 50mg Tablet (Goldshield Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "13502", "description": "Dindevan 10mg Tablet (Goldshield Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "13503", "description": "Phenindione 50mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "13504", "description": "Phenindione 25mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "13505", "description": "Phenindione 10mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "13644", "description": "Dindevan 25mg Tablet (Goldshield Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "15006", "description": "Sinthrome 4mg Tablet (Alliance Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "15376", "description": "Acenocoumarol 4mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "1781", "description": "Warfarin 5mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "17965", "description": "Marevan 500microgram tablets (Mercury Pharma Group Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "23078", "description": "Warfarin 1mg Tablet (WB Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "30202", "description": "Warfarin wbp 1mg Tablet (Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "30203", "description": "Warfarin wbp 3mg Tablet (Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "31511", "description": "Warfarin 3mg Tablet (WB Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "31937", "description": "Warfarin 5mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "33711", "description": "Warfarin 5mg Tablet (WB Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34019", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34086", "description": "Warfarin 3mg Tablet (Celltech Pharma Europe Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34087", "description": "Warfarin 1mg Tablet (Celltech Pharma Europe Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34088", "description": "Warfarin 5mg Tablet (Celltech Pharma Europe Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34095", "description": "Warfarin wbp 5mg Tablet (Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34299", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34416", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (Kent Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34417", "description": "Warfarin 3mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34418", "description": "Warfarin 5mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34517", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34526", "description": "Warfarin 3mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34576", "description": "Warfarin 1mg Tablet (Lagap)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34691", "description": "Warfarin 5mg Tablet (Regent Laboratories Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34758", "description": "Warfarin 3mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34864", "description": "Warfarin 5mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "34918", "description": "Warfarin 5mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "36099", "description": "Warfarin 1mg/5ml oral suspension", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "38041", "description": "Warfarin sodium 5mg/ml oral suspension", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "38044", "description": "Warfarin 5mg/5ml oral solution", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "39119", "description": "Rivaroxaban 10mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "39444", "description": "Dabigatran etexilate 110mg capsules", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "39503", "description": "Dabigatran etexilate 75mg capsules", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "39639", "description": "Xarelto 10mg tablets (Bayer Plc)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "39755", "description": "Pradaxa 110mg capsules (Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "39866", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (Almus Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "40143", "description": "Warfarin 500microgram tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "42474", "description": "Pradaxa 75mg capsules (Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "43407", "description": "Warfarin 3mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "43408", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "43409", "description": "Warfarin 5mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "43655", "description": "Warfarin sodium oral solution", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "4446", "description": "Acenocoumarol 1mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "44866", "description": "Warfarin sodium 1mg/ml oral supension SF", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "45", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "46632", "description": "Dabigatran etexilate 150mg capsules", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "46678", "description": "Pradaxa 150mg capsules (Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "46924", "description": "Phenindione 10mg tablets (Mercury Pharma Group Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "47207", "description": "Rivaroxaban 20mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "47353", "description": "Rivaroxaban 15mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "47566", "description": "Apixaban 2.5mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "47925", "description": "Xarelto 20mg tablets (Bayer Plc)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "47944", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "48070", "description": "Warfarin sodium tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "48134", "description": "Xarelto 15mg tablets (Bayer Plc)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "48869", "description": "Warfarin 1mg/ml oral suspension sugar free", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "50000", "description": "Warfarin 1mg/ml oral suspension sugar free (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "51484", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (Bristol Laboratories Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "51496", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (Phoenix Healthcare Distribution Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "51509", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (APC Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals (Europe) Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "5305", "description": "Sinthrome 1mg tablets (Alliance Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "53740", "description": "Eliquis 2.5mg tablets (Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "53745", "description": "Warfarin 3mg tablets (Bristol Laboratories Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "53752", "description": "Warfarin 1mg tablets (Alliance Healthcare (Distribution) Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "54066", "description": "Apixaban 5mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "61", "description": "Warfarin 3mg tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "6262", "description": "Warfarin 500microgram tablets", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "833", "description": "Warfarin 3mg/5ml oral solution", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "8466", "description": "Marevan 1mg tablets (Mercury Pharma Group Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } }, { "code": "8467", "description": "Marevan 3mg tablets (Mercury Pharma Group Ltd)", "attributes": { "Coding System (CPRD_product_code)": "CPRD_product_code", "Entity type": "res9: anticoagulants", "Category": "drug" } } ] } ], "status": 2, "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48533/mhk8-en78", "is_deleted": null, "publish_status": 2, "owner": "ieuan.scanlon", "template": { "id": 1, "name": "Clinical-Coded Phenotype", "description": "Phenotype definitions that are based on lists of clinical codes, or algorithms using clinical codes.", "version_id": 1 }, "versions": [ { "version_id": 990, "version_name": "Anticoagulants", "version_date": "2021-10-06T16:22:06.869863Z", "is_published": true, "is_latest": true } ] } ]