[
  {
    "phenotype_id": "PH648",
    "phenotype_version_id": 1296,
    "name": "Lung Cancer",
    "definition": "Objectives: \n\nTo conduct a fully independent, external validation of a research study based on one electronic health record database using a different database sampling from the same population.\n\n\nDesign: \n\nRetrospective cohort analysis of β-blocker therapy and all-cause mortality in patients with cancer.\n\n\nSetting: \n\nTwo UK national primary care databases (PCDs): the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Doctors’ Independent Network (DIN).\n\n\nParticipants: \n\nCPRD data for 11 302 patients with cancer compared with published results from DIN for 3462 patients; study period January 1997 to December 2006.\n\n\nPrimary and secondary outcome measures:\n\nAll-cause mortality: overall; by treatment subgroup (β-blockers only, β-blockers plus other blood pressure lowering medicines (BPLM), other BPLMs only); and by cancer site.\n\n\nResults: \n\nUsing CPRD, β-blocker use was not associated with mortality (HR=1.03, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.14, vs patients prescribed other BPLMs only), but DIN β-blocker users had significantly higher mortality (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.33). However, these HRs were not statistically different (p=0.063), but did differ for patients on β-blockers alone (CPRD=0.94, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.07; DIN=1.37, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.61; p<0.001). Results for individual cancer sites differed by study, but only significantly for prostate and pancreas cancers. Results were robust under sensitivity analyses, but we could not be certain that mortality was identically defined in both databases.\n\n\nConclusions: \n\nWe found a complex pattern of similarities and differences between databases. Overall treatment effect estimates were not statistically different, adding to a growing body of evidence that different UK PCDs produce comparable effect estimates. However, individually the two studies lead to different conclusions regarding the safety of β-blockers and some subgroup effects differed significantly. Single studies using even internally wellvalidated databases do not guarantee generalisable results, especially for subgroups, and confirmatory studies using at least one other independent data source are strongly recommended.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
    "implementation": "",
    "publications": [
      {
        "doi": null,
        "details": "David A Springate, Darrent M Aschroft, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Tim Doran, Ronan Ryan, David Reeves, Can analyses of electronic patient records be independently and externally validated? Study 2—the effect of β-adrenoceptor blocker therapy on cancer survival a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 5(e007299), 2014."
      }
    ],
    "validation": "",
    "citation_requirements": "",
    "created": "2021-10-06T16:28:30.461916Z",
    "author": "David A Springate, Darren M Aschroft, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Tim Doran, Ronan Ryan, David Reeves",
    "collections": [
      {
        "name": "ClinicalCodes Repository",
        "value": 25
      },
      {
        "name": "Phenotype Library",
        "value": 18
      }
    ],
    "tags": null,
    "organisation": null,
    "world_access": 1,
    "updated": "2021-10-06T16:28:30.461944Z",
    "sex": [
      {
        "name": "Both",
        "value": "3"
      }
    ],
    "type": [
      {
        "name": "Disease or syndrome",
        "value": "2"
      }
    ],
    "ontology": null,
    "phenoflowid": "",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "name": "CPRD GOLD",
        "value": 5,
        "uid": "a29feafa-7bdd-44e9-b977-c9d26425e67f",
        "url": "https://healthdatagateway.org/en/dataset/694",
        "datasource_id": 694
      },
      {
        "name": "Doctors Independent Network",
        "value": 28,
        "uid": "",
        "url": "",
        "datasource_id": 28
      }
    ],
    "coding_system": [
      {
        "name": "Read codes v2",
        "value": 5
      }
    ],
    "event_date_range": "01/01/19997 - 31/12/2006",
    "concept_information": [
      {
        "concept_id": 2068,
        "concept_version_id": 5274,
        "concept_name": "Lung Cancer - Primary Care",
        "coding_system": {
          "id": 5,
          "name": "Read codes v2",
          "description": "Read codes v2"
        },
        "phenotype_id": "PH648",
        "phenotype_version_id": 1296,
        "phenotype_name": "Lung Cancer",
        "code_attribute_header": [
          "Entity type",
          "Category",
          "Coding System (Read)"
        ],
        "codes": [
          {
            "code": "B22..00",
            "description": "Malig neop trachea/bronch/lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B220.00",
            "description": "Malig neop trachea",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B220100",
            "description": "Malig neop mucosa of trachea",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B220z00",
            "description": "Malig neop trachea NOS",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B221.00",
            "description": "Malig neop main bronchus",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B221000",
            "description": "Malig neop carina of bronchus",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B221100",
            "description": "Malig neop hilus of lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B221z00",
            "description": "Malig neop main bronchus NOS",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B222.00",
            "description": "Malig neop upp lobe bronc/lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B222000",
            "description": "Malig neop upper lobe bronchus",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B222100",
            "description": "Malig neop upper lobe of lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B222z00",
            "description": "Malig neop upp bronc/lung NOS",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B223.00",
            "description": "Malig neop mid lobe bronc/lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B223000",
            "description": "Malig neop mid lobe bronchus",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B223100",
            "description": "Malig neop middle lobe of lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B223z00",
            "description": "Malig neop mid lobe bronc/lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B224.00",
            "description": "Malig neop low lobe bronc/lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B224000",
            "description": "Malig neop lower bronchus",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B224100",
            "description": "Malig neop lower lobe of lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B224z00",
            "description": "Malig neop low lobe bronc/lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B225.00",
            "description": "Mal neop overlap les bron/lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B226.00",
            "description": "Mesothelioma",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B22y.00",
            "description": "Malig neop oth site bronc/lung",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          },
          {
            "code": "B22z.00",
            "description": "Malig neop bronchus/lung NOS",
            "attributes": {
              "Entity type": "res24: lung cancer",
              "Category": "diagnostic",
              "Coding System (Read)": "Read"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "status": 2,
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48533/133n-h610",
    "is_deleted": null,
    "publish_status": 2,
    "owner": "ieuan.scanlon",
    "template": {
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Clinical-Coded Phenotype",
      "description": "Phenotype definitions that are based on lists of clinical codes, or algorithms using clinical codes.",
      "version_id": 1
    },
    "versions": [
      {
        "version_id": 1296,
        "version_name": "Lung Cancer",
        "version_date": "2021-10-06T16:28:30.490054Z",
        "is_published": true,
        "is_latest": true
      }
    ]
  }
]