[ { "phenotype_id": "PH824", "phenotype_version_id": 1727, "name": "Eating Disorders", "definition": "Background:\n\nLittle information exists about the prevalence of children exposed to maternal mental illness. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of children and adolescents exposed to maternal mental illness in the UK between 2005 and 2017 using primary care data.\n\n\nMethods:\n\nIn this national retrospective cohort study, we included children aged 0–16 years born between Jan 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 2015, who were linked to their mothers and registered on the primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) between 2005 and 2017. We extracted data on diagnosis, symptoms, and therapy from the CRPD to define the following maternal mental illnesses: depression, anxiety, non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, eating disorders, personality disorders, alcohol misuse disorder, and substance misuse disorder. We also extracted data on socioeconomic status from the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 and data on ethnicity from the Hospital Episode Statistics dataset. The main outcome was prevalence of maternal mental illness. Prevalence was calculated for each 2-year period of childhood (from age 0–<2 to 14–<16 years) using marginal predictions from a logistic regression model. We used survival analysis to estimate the incidence and cumulative risk of children experiencing maternal mental illness by age 16 years.\n\n\nFindings:\n\nWe identified 783 710 children registered in the UK CPRD mother-baby link database, and included 547 747 children (381 685 mothers) in our analysis. Overall prevalence of maternal mental illness was 23·2% (95% CI 23·1–23·4), which increased during childhood (21·9%, 21·7–22·1 among the 0–<2 year age group vs 27·3%, 26·8–27·8 among the 14–<16 year age group). Depression and anxiety were the most prevalent maternal mental illnesses. The proportion of children exposed to maternal mental illness increased from 22·2% (21·9–22·4) between 2005 and 2007 to 25·1% (24·8–25·5) between 2015 and 2017. Geographically, the highest prevalence of maternal mental illness was observed in Northern Ireland (29·8%, 29·0–30·5). In England, prevalence of maternal mental illness was highest among children in the most deprived areas (28·3%, 27·8–28·8). The incidence of maternal mental illness was highest between 0–3 months (26·7 per 100 person years, 26·4–27·1). By age 16 years, the cumulative risk of maternal mental illness was 53·1% (52·8–53·3).\n\n\nInterpretation:\n\nOne in four children aged 0–16 years are exposed to maternal mental illness and the prevalence of diagnosed and treated maternal mental illness is increasing. Policy makers and commissioners should consider this information and channel resources to target individuals in greatest need.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "implementation": "", "publications": [ { "doi": null, "details": "Kathryn M Abel, Holly Hope, Eleanor Swift, Rosa Parisi, Darren M Ashcroft, Kyriaki Kosidov, Samre Su Osam, Christian Dolman, Mathias Pierce, Prevalence of maternal mental illness among children and adolescents in the UK between 2005 and 2017: a national retrospective cohort analysis. Lancet Public Health, 4, e291–300, 2019." } ], "validation": "", "citation_requirements": "", "created": "2022-04-04T07:05:33.265444Z", "author": "Kathryn M Abel, Holly Hope, Eleanor Swift, Rosa Parisi, Darren M Ashcroft, Kyriaki Kosidov, Semre Su Osam, Christian Dolman, Mathias Pierce", "collections": [ { "name": "ClinicalCodes Repository", "value": 25 }, { "name": "Phenotype Library", "value": 18 } ], "tags": null, "organisation": null, "world_access": 1, "updated": "2022-04-04T07:05:33.265469Z", "sex": [ { "name": "Female", "value": "2" } ], "type": [ { "name": "Disease or syndrome", "value": "2" } ], "ontology": null, "phenoflowid": "", "data_sources": [ { "name": "CPRD GOLD", "value": 5, "uid": "a29feafa-7bdd-44e9-b977-c9d26425e67f", "url": "https://healthdatagateway.org/en/dataset/694", "datasource_id": 694 } ], "coding_system": [ { "name": "Read codes v2", "value": 5 } ], "event_date_range": "01/01/2005 - 31/12/2017", "concept_information": [ { "concept_id": 2579, "concept_version_id": 6571, "concept_name": "Eating Disorders - Primary Care", "coding_system": { "id": 5, "name": "Read codes v2", "description": "Read codes v2" }, "phenotype_id": "PH824", "phenotype_version_id": 1727, "phenotype_name": "Eating Disorders", "code_attribute_header": [ "Entity type", "Category", "Coding System (Read)" ], "codes": [ { "code": "1467.00", "description": "H/O: anorexia nervosa", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "1612.00", "description": "Appetite loss - anorexia", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "1612.11", "description": "Anorexia symptom", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "1614.00", "description": "Excessive eating - polyphagia", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "1614.12", "description": "Polyphagia symptom", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "1FF..00", "description": "Binge eating", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "1G2..00", "description": "Dissatisfied with body image", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "1JZ..00", "description": "Suspected binge eating disorder", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "8HTN.00", "description": "Referral to eating disorders clinic", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "9Nk9.00", "description": "Seen in eating disorder clinic", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "E264200", "description": "Cyclical vomiting - psychogenic", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "E271.00", "description": "Anorexia nervosa", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "E275.00", "description": "Other and unspecified non-organic eating disorders", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "E275000", "description": "Unspecified non-organic eating disorder", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "E275100", "description": "Bulimia (non-organic overeating)", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "E275111", "description": "Compulsive eating disorder", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "E275y00", "description": "Other specified non-organic eating disorder", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "E275z00", "description": "Non-organic eating disorder NOS", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50.00", "description": "[X]Eating disorders", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50000", "description": "[X]Anorexia nervosa", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50100", "description": "[X]Atypical anorexia nervosa", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50200", "description": "[X]Bulimia nervosa", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50211", "description": "[X]Bulimia NOS", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50212", "description": "[X]Hyperorexia nervosa", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50300", "description": "[X]Atypical bulimia nervosa", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50y00", "description": "[X]Other eating disorders", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50y11", "description": "[X]Pica in adults", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Eu50z00", "description": "[X]Eating disorder, unspecified", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "R030.00", "description": "[D]Anorexia", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "R030z00", "description": "[D]Anorexia NOS", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "R036.00", "description": "[D]Polyphagia", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "R036011", "description": "[D]Bulimia NOS", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "diagnostic", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "R036100", "description": "[D]Hyperalimentation", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "R036z00", "description": "[D]Polyphagia NOS", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } }, { "code": "Z7D1200", "description": "Distorted body image", "attributes": { "Entity type": "res76: Eating disorders", "Category": "symptom", "Coding System (Read)": "Read" } } ] } ], "status": 2, "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48533/hc3f-jr87", "is_deleted": null, "publish_status": 2, "owner": "ieuan.scanlon", "template": { "id": 1, "name": "Clinical-Coded Phenotype", "description": "Phenotype definitions that are based on lists of clinical codes, or algorithms using clinical codes.", "version_id": 1 }, "versions": [ { "version_id": 1727, "version_name": "Eating Disorders", "version_date": "2022-04-04T07:05:33.293517Z", "is_published": true, "is_latest": true } ] } ]