Depression- Phenotype

John, A., Marchant, A. L., Fone, D. L., McGregor, J. I., Dennis, M. S., Tan, J. O. A., & Lloyd, K.

PH1114 / 2455 Clinical-Coded Phenotype

  1. Overview

    Phenotype Type
    Disease or syndrome
    Sex
    Both
    Valid Event Date Range
    No data
    Coding System
    ICD10 codesRead codes v2
    Data Sources
    No data
    Collections
    Adolescent Data Platform (ADP)DATAMINDPhenotype Library
    Tags
    No data

  2. Definition

    Depression can be identified with Read Codes (primary care) and/or ICD-10 codes.

    This concept is made up of a number of sub-concepts. Code lists for each of these concepts are based on validated published and comparable lists [John et. el. 2016; Cornish et al 2016; John et. al., 2022] and reviewed by a clinician in the study team (Prof Ann John).

    The core diagnosis codes are essential for identifying depression. Depression diagnoses can be identified in both Read Codes and ICD-10. Other sub-concepts apply only to Read Codes and can be included in combination as necessary dependent on study design. Various combinations of code lists have been previously described and validated utilising the MHI-5 as the gold standard (John et al., 2016).

    Depression Diagnoses

    1. Depression Diagnoses (Core) This concept can be used to identify depression as a common mental disorder (CMD). This list includes mixed depression and anxiety. We excluded adjustment disorders as conceptually these are an intermediate health condition between normal responses to stress and more severe emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression (Casey and Doherty, 2012).
    2. Mixed Depression and Anxiety Mixed depression and anxiety codes should be used in conjunction with core diagnoses concepts to identify depression or anxiety. if a coding hierarchy is to be employed based on that used by clinicians these would be preferentially allocated to identify depression.
    3. Depression Diagnosis with psychosis These codes should be used in combination with core depression diagnoses codes to identify depression. Study teams may choose to exclude these codes if the research is focused on CMDs.

    Administrative Codes

    Administrative codes that unequivocally indicate a diagnosis of depression

    Depression Symptoms

    These codes refer to symptoms of depression. Symptoms codes were found to improve the performance of case-finding algorithms for depression (John et al., 2016). Research has shown increasing use of symptom rather than diagnoses codes to record depression in primary care in both children and young people (John et al., 2016, John et al., 2019) and adults (Kendrick et al., 2015).

    Depression Treatment

    These codes refer to treatments for depression that together with a previous depression diagnosis/symptoms can be taken to indicate a depression-related record in primary care

    Antidepressant Prescriptions

    Antidepressant prescriptions can be used to identify a diagnosis of depression independent of diagnosis. Antidepressant prescriptions can also be used in conjunction with a previous record of depression diagnosis/symptoms to identify a record of depression (John et al., 2016). Antidepressants can be divided by subtype: SSRIs, Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Tricylcic Antidepressants, Compound Antidepressants and Other Antidepressants

  3. Implementation

    Implementation

    No data

  4. Clinical Code List

  5. Publication

    • John, A., McGregor, J., Fone, D., Dunstan, F., Cornish, R., Lyons, R. A., & Lloyd, K. R. (2016). Case-finding for common mental disorders of anxiety and depression in primary care: an external validation of routinely collected data. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 16(1), 1-10.

    • John, A., Marchant, A. L., McGregor, J. I., Tan, J. O. A., Hutchings, H. A., Kovess, V., ... & Lloyd, K. (2015). Recent trends in the incidence of anxiety and prescription of anxiolytics and hypnotics in children and young people: an e-cohort study. Journal of affective disorders, 183, 134-141.

    • John, A., Wood, S., Rees, S., Wang, T., Marchant, A., Allsopp, M., Wilkinson, K., Freeth, H., Kelly, K., & Maclean Steel, K. (2019). Mental healthcare in young people and young adults. Report 2.

    • Casey P, Doherty A. Adjustment disorder: implications for ICD-11 and DSM-5. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;201:90–2.

    • Cornish, R. P., John, A., Boyd, A., Tilling, K., & Macleod, J. (2016). Defining adolescent common mental disorders using electronic primary care data: A comparison with outcomes measured using the CIS-R. BMJ Open, 6(12).

    • Walters, K., Rait, G., Griffin, M., Buszewicz, M., & Nazareth, I. (2012). Recent trends in the incidence of anxiety diagnoses and symptoms in primary care.

    • John A, Friedmann Y, DelPozo-Banos M, Frizzati A, Ford T, Thapar A. Association of school absence and exclusion with recorded neurodevelopmental disorders, mental disorders, or self-harm: a nationwide, retrospective, electronic cohort study of children and young people in Wales, UK. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022 Jan;9(1):23-34. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00367-9

      (DOI:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00367-9)

    Citation Example

    John, A., Marchant, A. L., Fone, D. L., McGregor, J. I., Dennis, M. S., Tan, J. O. A., & Lloyd, K.. PH1114 / 2455 - Depression- Phenotype. Phenotype Library [Online]. 25 September 2023. Available from: http://phenotypes.healthdatagateway.org/phenotypes/PH1114/version/2455/detail/. [Accessed 18 September 2024]

  6. API

    To Export Phenotype Details:

    FormatAPI
    JSON site_root/api/v1/phenotypes/PH1114/version/2455/detail/?format=json
    R Package

    # Download here

    library(ConceptLibraryClient)


    # Connect to API

    client = ConceptLibraryClient::Connection$new(public=TRUE)


    # Get details of phenotype

    phenotype_details = client$phenotypes$get_detail(
     'PH1114',
     version_id=2455
    )

    Py Package

    # Download here

    from pyconceptlibraryclient import Client


    # Connect to API

    client = Client(public=True)


    # Get codelist of phenotype

    phenotype_codelist = client.phenotypes.get_detail(
     'PH1114',
     version_id=2455
    )

    To Export Phenotype Code List:

    FormatAPI
    JSON site_root/api/v1/phenotypes/PH1114/version/2455/export/codes/?format=json
    CSV site_root/phenotypes/PH1114/version/2455/export/codes/
    R Package

    # Download here

    library(ConceptLibraryClient)


    # Connect to API

    client = ConceptLibraryClient::Connection$new(public=TRUE)


    # Get codelist of phenotype

    phenotype_codelist = client$phenotypes$get_codelist(
     'PH1114',
     version_id=2455
    )

    Py Package

    # Download here

    from pyconceptlibraryclient import Client


    # Connect to API

    client = Client(public=True)


    # Get codelist of phenotype

    phenotype_codelist = client.phenotypes.get_codelist(
     'PH1114',
     version_id=2455
    )

  7. Version History

    Version IDNameOwnerPublish date
    2455 Depression- Phenotype ieuan.scanlon2023-09-25currently shown