Introduction:
Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC)- inhibiting drugs are commonly used to treat epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmia. VGSCs are also widely expressed in various cancers, including those of the breast, bowel and prostate. A number of VGSCinhibiting drugs have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models, suggesting that VGSCs may be novel molecular targets for cancer treatment. Surprisingly, we previously found that prior exposure to VGSC-inhibiting drugs may be associated with reduced overall survival in patients with cancer, but we were unable to control for the cause of death or indication for prescription. The purpose of the present study is to interrogate a different database to further investigate the relationship between VGSC-inhibiting drugs and cancer-specific survival.
Methods and analysis:
A cohort study using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database will include patients with diagnosis of breast, bowel and prostate cancer (13 000). The primary outcome will be cancer-specific survival from the date of cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression will be used to compare survival of patients taking VGSC-inhibiting drugs (including antiepileptic drugs and class I antiarrhythmic agents) with patients with cancer not taking these drugs, adjusting for cancer type, age and sex. Drug exposure will be treated as a time-varying covariate to account for potential immortal time bias. Various sensitivity and secondary analyses will be performed.
Caroline Fairhust, Fabiola Martin, Ian Watt, Tim Doran, Martin Bland, William J Brackenbury, Sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and cancer survival: protocol for a cohort study using the CPRD primary care database. BMJ Open, 6(e0111661), 2016.
Code | Description | Entity type | Category | Coding System (Read) |
---|---|---|---|---|
10111 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
10263 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
10400 | Mexiletine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
10553 | Disopyramide phosphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
10687 | Quinidine bisulphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
1069 | Adrenaline acid tartrate/Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
107 | Phenytoin Sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
10871 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
11075 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
1119 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
11237 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
11445 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
1158 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
11696 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
118 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
11809 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
11873 | Zonisamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
11960 | Mexiletine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12280 | Mexiletine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12322 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12469 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12821 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12880 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
1291 | Quinidine Bisulphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12931 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12932 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12971 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
12982 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13112 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13140 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13152 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13326 | Procainamide hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13434 | Quinidine Bisulphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13524 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13549 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13608 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
1370 | Phenytoin Sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13890 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
13922 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
1398 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
14157 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
14199 | Oxcarbazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
14418 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
14451 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
14510 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
14855 | Lidocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
14856 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
14857 | Phenytoin | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15082 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15126 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15313 | Propafenone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15320 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15338 | Zonisamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15369 | Lidocaine hydrochloride/Adrenaline acid tartrate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15459 | Mexiletine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
1550 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15650 | Valproic acid | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
1573 | Propafenone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
15851 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
16021 | Valproic acid | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
16149 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
16262 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
16609 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
16927 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
17047 | Lidocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
17119 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
17152 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
17177 | Phenytoin | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
17251 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
17428 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
17429 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
17978 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18011 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18043 | Lidocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18077 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18277 | Procainamide hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18385 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18567 | Oxcarbazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18614 | Valproic acid | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18616 | Lidocaine hydrochloride/Adrenaline acid tartrate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18762 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18763 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18764 | Procainamide Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18781 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
188 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18838 | Riluzole | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
18886 | Valproic acid | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
19296 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
19500 | Zonisamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
19822 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
20004 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
20539 | Tocainide Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
20600 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2062 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2065 | Lidocaine hydrochloride/Adrenaline acid tartrate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2079 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2080 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2081 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2082 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2085 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
20882 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2128 | Phenytoin Sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
21441 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
21854 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2305 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
23508 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2357 | Chlorhexidine gluconate/Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2388 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
24153 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
24176 | Zonisamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
24177 | Zonisamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
24637 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
24708 | Moracizine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
24709 | Moracizine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
24901 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
24963 | Lidocaine hydrochloride/Adrenaline acid tartrate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2520 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
25482 | Disopyramide phosphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
25536 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
25838 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
25903 | Fosphenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
25969 | Mexiletine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
26012 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
263 | Lidocaine/Prilocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
26500 | Lidocaine hydrochloride/Phenylephrine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
26894 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
26902 | Oxcarbazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
27113 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2716 | Disopyramide phosphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
27161 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2717 | Disopyramide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
27193 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
27321 | Disopyramide phosphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
27692 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
27760 | Zonisamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2782 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
27967 | Fosphenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
28155 | Tocainide Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2822 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2823 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2824 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
28315 | Procainamide Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
28345 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
2859 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
28824 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
29024 | Quinidine Bisulphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
29456 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
29608 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
29619 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
29620 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30047 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30081 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30149 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3030 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30392 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30433 | Disopyramide phosphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30497 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30509 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3058 | Quinidine bisulphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3068 | Phenytoin Sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30763 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
30990 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3107 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
31079 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
31209 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
31331 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3134 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32109 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32164 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32304 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32351 | Mexiletine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32553 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32591 | Prilocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32613 | Moracizine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32900 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32920 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
32931 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
33058 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
33106 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
33119 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
33391 | Quinidine Bisulphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3350 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34120 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34144 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34150 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34151 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34178 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34370 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34414 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34515 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34574 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34592 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34626 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34632 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34699 | Phenytoin | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34707 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34751 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34759 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34830 | Lidocaine hydrochloride/Adrenaline acid tartrate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34851 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34883 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34904 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
34958 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
35024 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
35043 | Lidocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
35471 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
35517 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
35520 | Flecainide Acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3569 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
35732 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
35747 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
35755 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3576 | Chlorhexidine gluconate/Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
36318 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
36415 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
36633 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
36634 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3667 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37058 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37306 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3731 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3733 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3734 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37416 | Rufinamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37512 | Rufinamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37515 | Rufinamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37584 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37593 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37611 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37800 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
37895 | Rufinamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3845 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
38507 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
38508 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
38789 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3881 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3886 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
38939 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
38949 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39039 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39097 | Lidocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39126 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39259 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39276 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39279 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39356 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39385 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39427 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39452 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39453 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39506 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39550 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39615 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39712 | Ranolazine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39713 | Ranolazine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39714 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39715 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3975 | Riluzole | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
3987 | Chlorhexidine gluconate/Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39930 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39952 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39971 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
39990 | Ranolazine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40055 | Flecainide Acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40070 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4026 | Disopyramide phosphate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40291 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40332 | Lidocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40372 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40395 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40400 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40403 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40404 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40451 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40521 | Rufinamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40658 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4066 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40910 | Mexiletine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
40969 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41037 | Ranolazine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41043 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41073 | Ranolazine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41137 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41162 | Lacosamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41378 | Ranolazine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41530 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41551 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41614 | Disopyramide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41726 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41735 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4175 | Phenytoin | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41758 | Eslicarbazepine Acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4195 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
41972 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
42038 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
42090 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
42145 | Eslicarbazepine Acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
42789 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43112 | Dronedarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43178 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
432 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43387 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43417 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43451 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43501 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43502 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43540 | Flecainide acetate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43571 | Lidocaine Hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43648 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4366 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43742 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
43919 | Rufinamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
44259 | Disopyramide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
44437 | Dronedarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
44472 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
44718 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
44719 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4490 | Phenytoin | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
44903 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4495 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4502 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
45106 | Sodium Valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
45344 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
45419 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
45572 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4586 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
45903 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
45941 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
46572 | Topiramate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
46774 | Sodium valproate | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
46775 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
46888 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
46938 | Amiodarone hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
46972 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
47014 | Phenytoin | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
47143 | Zonisamide | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
47294 | Carbamazepine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
47658 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
47670 | Phenytoin sodium | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
47817 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
4786 | Lidocaine/Prilocaine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
47963 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
48164 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
48182 | Lamotrigine | res47: Drugs | drug | Read |
48390 | Lidocaine hydrochloride | res47: Drugs |