Objective:
To investigate whether there is an association between use of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).
Design:
A time-updated, new-user cohort study among people initiating common antihypertensives (ACEI/ARB, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics) in primary care between April 1997 and March 2014.
Participants:
Adults initiating antihypertensive drug treatment, with at least one year of registration prior to first prescription, identified from UK primary care practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and eligible for linkage to hospital records data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database.
Main outcome measures:
Incidence rate ratio (RR) for first episode of AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed, estimated using Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, use of other antihypertensive drugs, and calendar period.
Results:
Among 570,443 participants with a median follow-up of 2.8 years (IQR 0.4 to 7) there were 15,004 first cases of AKI. The overall crude rate of AKI was 6.4/1,000 person years at risk (95% CI 6.30 to 6.50) but varied from 1.63 (1.43 to 1.86) to 662.53 (538.98 to 814.40) depending on, age, comorbidities, and other prescribed drugs. The adjusted RR of AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed was 1.18 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.23) which was attenuated to 1.12 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.17) after adjustment for non-thiazide diuretic therapy. There was an interaction for the risk of AKI between people using loop diuretics and ACEI/ARB. For those taking loop diuretics, the adjusted RR of AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed was 0.99 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) but it was 1.18 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.24) among people not-exposed to loop diuretics (p<0.001).
Conclusions:
Treatment with ACEI/ARB alone appears to be associated with a small increase in the rate of AKI which is largely seen among people with low absolute risk of AKI. Among people requiring loop diuretics, who have a high absolute risk of AKI, treatment with ACEI/ARB had no measurable association with AKI.
Kethryn E Mansfield, Dorothea Nitsch, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaram, Laurie A Tomlinson, Renin-angiostensin system blockage and risk of acute kidney injury. 2015.
| Code | Description | Entity type | Category | Coding System (ICD-10 Read) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13AB.00 | diabetic lipid lowering diet | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 13AC.00 | diabetic weight reducing diet | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 13B1.00 | diabetic diet | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 13L4.11 | diabetic child | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 1434 | h/o: diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 14F4.00 | h/o: admission in last year for diabetes foot problem | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 14P3.00 | h/o: insulin therapy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBF.00 | retinal abnormality - diabetes related | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBJ.00 | o/e - no right diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBK.00 | o/e - no left diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBL.00 | o/e - diabetic maculopathy present both eyes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBM.00 | o/e - diabetic maculopathy absent both eyes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBP.00 | o/e - right eye background diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBQ.00 | o/e - left eye background diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBR.00 | o/e - right eye preproliferative diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBS.00 | o/e - left eye preproliferative diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBT.00 | o/e - right eye proliferative diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBV.00 | o/e - left eye proliferative diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBW.00 | o/e - right eye diabetic maculopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBX.00 | o/e - left eye diabetic maculopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBk.00 | o/e - right eye stable treated prolif diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBl.00 | o/e - left eye stable treated prolif diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBo.00 | o/e - sight threatening diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2BBr.00 | impaired vision due to diabetic retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G51000 | foot abnormality - diabetes related | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5A.00 | o/e - right diabetic foot at risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5B.00 | o/e - left diabetic foot at risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5C.00 | foot abnormality - diabetes related | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5E.00 | o/e - right diabetic foot at low risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5F.00 | o/e - right diabetic foot at moderate risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5G.00 | o/e - right diabetic foot at high risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5H.00 | o/e - right diabetic foot - ulcerated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5I.00 | o/e - left diabetic foot at low risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5J.00 | o/e - left diabetic foot at moderate risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5K.00 | o/e - left diabetic foot at high risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5L.00 | o/e - left diabetic foot - ulcerated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5V.00 | o/e - right chronic diabetic foot ulcer | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5W.00 | o/e - left chronic diabetic foot ulcer | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5d.00 | o/e - left diabetic foot at increased risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 2G5e.00 | o/e - right diabetic foot at increased risk | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 3881 | education score - diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 3882 | diabetes well being questionnaire | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 3883 | diabetes treatment satisfaction questionnaire | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42W..00 | hb. a1c - diabetic control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42W1.00 | hb. a1c < 7% - good control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42W2.00 | hb. a1c 7-10% - borderline | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42W3.00 | hb. a1c > 10% - bad control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42WZ.00 | hb. a1c - diabetic control nos | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42c..00 | hba1 - diabetic control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42c0.00 | hba1 < 7% - good control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42c1.00 | hba1 7 - 10% - borderline control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 42c2.00 | hba1 > 10% - bad control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 44T9.00 | glucometer blood sugar | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 44UZ.00 | blood glucose 14+ mmol/l | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 44Uz.11 | blood hyperglycaemia nos | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 44V3.00 | glucose tol. test diabetic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 661N400 | diabetes self-management plan review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66A..00 | diabetic monitoring | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66A1.00 | initial diabetic assessment | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66A2.00 | follow-up diabetic assessment | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66A3.00 | diabetic on diet only | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66A4.00 | diabetic on oral treatment | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66A5.00 | diabetic on insulin | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66A8.00 | has seen dietician - diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66A9.00 | understands diet - diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AA.11 | injection sites - diabetic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AC.00 | blood sugar charts | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AD.00 | fundoscopy - diabetic check | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AE.00 | feet examination | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AG.00 | diabetic drug side effects | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AH.00 | diabetic treatment changed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AH000 | conversion to insulin | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AH100 | conversion to insulin in secondary care | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AH200 | conversion to insulin by diabetes specialist nurse | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AI.00 | diabetic - good control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AJ.00 | diabetic - poor control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AJ.11 | unstable diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AJ000 | chronic hyperglycaemia | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AJ100 | brittle diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AJ200 | loss of hypoglycaemic warning | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AJz00 | diabetic - poor control nos | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AK.00 | diabetic - cooperative patient | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AL.00 | diabetic-uncooperative patient | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AM.00 | diabetic - follow-up default | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AN.00 | date diabetic treatment start | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AP.00 | diabetes: practice programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AQ.00 | diabetes: shared care programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AQ000 | unsuitable for diabetes year of care programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AQ100 | declined consent for diabetes year of care programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AR.00 | diabetes management plan given | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AS.00 | diabetic annual review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AS000 | diabetes year of care annual review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AT.00 | annual diabetic blood test | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AU.00 | diabetes care by hospital only | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AV.00 | diabetic on insulin and oral treatment | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AW.00 | diabetic foot risk assessment | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AY.00 | diabetic diet - good compliance | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66AZ.00 | diabetic monitoring nos | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Aa.00 | diabetic diet - poor compliance | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ab.00 | diabetic foot examination | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ac.00 | diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ae.00 | hba1c target | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Af.00 | patient diabetes education review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ag.00 | insulin needles changed daily | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ah.00 | insulin needles changed for each injection | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ai.00 | diabetic 6 month review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Aj.00 | insulin needles changed less than once a day | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ak.00 | diabetic monitoring - lower risk albumin excretion | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Al.00 | diabetic monitoring - higher risk albumin excretion | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Am.00 | insulin dose changed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66An.00 | diabetes type 1 review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ao.00 | diabetes type 2 review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Ap.00 | insulin treatment initiated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Aq.00 | diabetic foot screen | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66As.00 | diabetic on subcutaneous treatment | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66At.00 | diabetic dietary review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66At000 | type i diabetic dietary review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66At011 | type 1 diabetic dietary review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66At100 | type ii diabetic dietary review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66At111 | type 2 diabetic dietary review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Au.00 | diabetic erectile dysfunction review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Av.00 | diabetic assessment of erectile dysfunction | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66Aw.00 | insulin dose | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66b1.00 | diabetic monitoring not required | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 66o..00 | further diabetic monitoring | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 6761 | diabetic pre-pregnancy counselling | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 679L.00 | health education - diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 679L000 | education in self management of diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 679L200 | education about diabetes and driving | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 679L211 | advice about diabetes and driving | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 679R.00 | patient offered diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 679c.00 | insulin administration education | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 67D8.00 | provision of diabetes clinical summary | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 68A7.00 | diabetic retinopathy screening | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 68A9.00 | diabetic retinopathy screening offered | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 68AB.00 | diabetic digital retinopathy screening offered | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 7276 | pan retinal photocoagulation for diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 7L10000 | continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 7L10011 | subcutaneous infusion with insulin pump | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 7L19800 | subcutaneous injection of insulin | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 7L19J00 | subcutaneous injection of exenatide | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 889A.00 | diab mellit insulin-glucose infus acute myocardial infarct | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8A12.00 | diabetic crisis monitoring | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8A13.00 | diabetic stabilisation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8A17.00 | self monitoring of blood glucose | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8B3l.00 | diabetes medication review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8BAi.00 | insulin passport completed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8BAj.00 | informed dissent not to carry insulin passport | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8BAm.00 | insulin passport checked | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8BL2.00 | patient on maximal tolerated therapy for diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8CA4100 | pt advised re diabetic diet | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8CAQ.00 | advice about blood glucose control | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8CE0100 | insulin alert patient information booklet given | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8CE0200 | insulin passport given | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8CMW700 | diabetes clinical pathway | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8CP2.00 | transition of diabetes care options discussed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8CR2.00 | diabetes clinical management plan | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8CS0.00 | diabetes care plan agreed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8H2J.00 | admit diabetic emergency | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8H3O.00 | non-urgent diabetic admission | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8H4F.00 | referral to diabetologist | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8H4e.00 | referral to diabetes special interest general practitioner | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8H7C.00 | refer, diabetic liaison nurse | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8H7f.00 | referral to diabetes nurse | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8H7r.00 | refer to diabetic foot screener | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HBG.00 | diabetic retinopathy 12 month review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HBH.00 | diabetic retinopathy 6 month review | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HHy.00 | referral to diabetic register | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HKE.00 | diabetology d.v. requested | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HLE.00 | diabetology d.v. done | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HME.00 | listed for diabetology admissn | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HTE100 | referral to community diabetes clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HTe.00 | referral to diabetes preconception counselling clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HTi.00 | referral to multidisciplinary diabetic clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HTk.00 | referral to diabetic eye clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HVU.00 | private referral to diabetologist | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8Hg4.00 | discharged from care of diabetes specialist nurse | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8HgC.00 | discharged from diabetes shared care programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8Hj0.00 | referral to diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8Hj3.00 | referral to dafne diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8Hj4.00 | referral to desmond diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8Hj5.00 | referral to xpert diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8Hl1.00 | referral for diabetic retinopathy screening | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8Hl4.00 | referral to community diabetes specialist nurse | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8Hlc.00 | referral to community diabetes service | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I2P.00 | sulphonylureas contraindicated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I2S.00 | glitazones contraindicated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I3W.00 | diabetic foot examination declined | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I3X.00 | diabetic retinopathy screening refused | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I3k.00 | insulin therapy declined | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I57.00 | patient held diabetic record declined | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I6F.00 | diabetic retinopathy screening not indicated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I6G.00 | diabetic foot examination not indicated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I7B.00 | metformin not tolerated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I7C.00 | sulphonylureas not tolerated | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I81.00 | did not complete diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I82.00 | did not complete dafne diabetes structured education program | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I83.00 | did not complete desmond diabetes structured educat program | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8I84.00 | did not complete xpert diabetes structured education program | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8IAs.00 | diabetic dietary review declined | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8IE2.00 | diabetes care plan declined | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8IEQ.00 | referral to community diabetes specialist nurse declined | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8IEa.00 | referral to dafne diabetes structured educn prog declined | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 8OA3.00 | provision of written information about diabetes and driving | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9360 | patient held diabetic record issued | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 93C4.00 | patient consent given for addition to diabetic register | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9M00.00 | informed consent for diabetes national audit | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9M10.00 | informed dissent for diabetes national audit | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N0m.00 | seen in diabetic nurse consultant clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N0n.00 | seen in community diabetes specialist clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N0o.00 | seen in community diabetic specialist nurse clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N1Q.00 | seen in diabetic clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N1i.00 | seen in diabetic foot clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N1o.00 | seen in multidisciplinary diabetic clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N1v.00 | seen in diabetic eye clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N2d.00 | seen by diabetologist | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N2i.00 | seen by diabetic liaison nurse | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N4I.00 | dna - did not attend diabetic clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9N4p.00 | did not attend diabetic retinopathy clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NM0.00 | attending diabetes clinic | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NN8.00 | under care of diabetologist | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NN9.00 | under care of diabetes specialist nurse | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NND.00 | under care of diabetic foot screener | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NiA.00 | did not attend diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NiC.00 | did not attend dafne diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NiD.00 | did not attend desmond diabetes structured education program | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NiE.00 | did not attend xpert diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9NiZ.00 | did not attend diabetes foot screening | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9Nl4.00 | seen by general practitioner special interest in diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL..00 | diabetes monitoring admin. | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL..11 | diabetes clinic administration | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL1.00 | attends diabetes monitoring | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL2.00 | refuses diabetes monitoring | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL3.00 | diabetes monitoring default | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL4.00 | diabetes monitoring 1st letter | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL5.00 | diabetes monitoring 2nd letter | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL6.00 | diabetes monitoring 3rd letter | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL7.00 | diabetes monitor.verbal invite | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL8.00 | diabetes monitor.phone invite | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OL9.00 | diabetes monitoring deleted | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLA.00 | diabetes monitor. check done | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLA.11 | diabetes monitored | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLB.00 | attended diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLD.00 | diabetic patient unsuitable for digital retinal photography | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLE.00 | attended desmond structured programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLF.00 | diabetes structured education programme completed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLG.00 | attended xpert diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLH.00 | attended dafne diabetes structured education programme | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLJ.00 | dafne diabetes structured education programme completed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLK.00 | desmond diabetes structured education programme completed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLL.00 | xpert diabetes structured education programme completed | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLM.00 | diabetes structured education programme declined | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLN.00 | diabetes monitor invitation by sms (short message service) | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9OLZ.00 | diabetes monitoring admin.nos | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9Oy..00 | diabetes screening administration | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9Oy0000 | diabetic foot screening invitation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9Oy0200 | diabetic foot screening invitation first letter | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9Oy0300 | diabetic foot screening invitation second letter | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9Oy0400 | diabetic foot screening invitation third letter | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9b92000 | diabetic medicine | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9h4..00 | exception reporting: diabetes quality indicators | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9h41.00 | excepted from diabetes qual indicators: patient unsuitable | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9h42.00 | excepted from diabetes quality indicators: informed dissent | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9kL..00 | insulin initiation - enhanced services administration | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9m00.00 | eligible for diabetic retinopathy screening | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| 9m0A.00 | declined diabetic retinopathy screening | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C10..00 | diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C100.00 | diabetes mellitus with no mention of complication | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C100000 | diabetes mellitus, juvenile type, no mention of complication | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C100011 | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C100100 | diabetes mellitus, adult onset, no mention of complication | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C100111 | maturity onset diabetes | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C100112 | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C100z00 | diabetes mellitus nos with no mention of complication | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C101.00 | diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C101000 | diabetes mellitus, juvenile type, with ketoacidosis | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C101100 | diabetes mellitus, adult onset, with ketoacidosis | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C101y00 | other specified diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C101z00 | diabetes mellitus nos with ketoacidosis | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C102.00 | diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolar coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C102000 | diabetes mellitus, juvenile type, with hyperosmolar coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C102100 | diabetes mellitus, adult onset, with hyperosmolar coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C102z00 | diabetes mellitus nos with hyperosmolar coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C103.00 | diabetes mellitus with ketoacidotic coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C103000 | diabetes mellitus, juvenile type, with ketoacidotic coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C103100 | diabetes mellitus, adult onset, with ketoacidotic coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C103y00 | other specified diabetes mellitus with coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C103z00 | diabetes mellitus nos with ketoacidotic coma | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C104.00 | diabetes mellitus with renal manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C104.11 | diabetic nephropathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C104000 | diabetes mellitus, juvenile type, with renal manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C104100 | diabetes mellitus, adult onset, with renal manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C104y00 | other specified diabetes mellitus with renal complications | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C104z00 | diabetes mellitus with nephropathy nos | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C105.00 | diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C105000 | diabetes mellitus, juvenile type, + ophthalmic manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C105100 | diabetes mellitus, adult onset, + ophthalmic manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C105y00 | other specified diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complicatn | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C105z00 | diabetes mellitus nos with ophthalmic manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C106.00 | diabetes mellitus with neurological manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C106.11 | diabetic amyotrophy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C106.12 | diabetes mellitus with neuropathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C106.13 | diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C106000 | diabetes mellitus, juvenile, + neurological manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C106100 | diabetes mellitus, adult onset, + neurological manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C106y00 | other specified diabetes mellitus with neurological comps | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C106z00 | diabetes mellitus nos with neurological manifestation | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107.00 | diabetes mellitus with peripheral circulatory disorder | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107.11 | diabetes mellitus with gangrene | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107.12 | diabetes with gangrene | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107000 | diabetes mellitus, juvenile +peripheral circulatory disorder | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107100 | diabetes mellitus, adult, + peripheral circulatory disorder | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107200 | diabetes mellitus, adult with gangrene | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107300 | iddm with peripheral circulatory disorder | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107400 | niddm with peripheral circulatory disorder | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C107z00 | diabetes mellitus nos with peripheral circulatory disorder | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108.00 | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108.11 | iddm-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108.12 | type 1 diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108.13 | type i diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108000 | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with renal complications | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108011 | type i diabetes mellitus with renal complications | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108012 | type 1 diabetes mellitus with renal complications | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108100 | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic comps | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108112 | type 1 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108200 | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with neurological comps | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108211 | type i diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108212 | type 1 diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108300 | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with multiple complicatn | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108311 | type i diabetes mellitus with multiple complications | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108400 | unstable insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108411 | unstable type i diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108412 | unstable type 1 diabetes mellitus | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108500 | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with ulcer | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108511 | type i diabetes mellitus with ulcer | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108512 | type 1 diabetes mellitus with ulcer | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108600 | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with gangrene | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108700 | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108711 | type i diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | Read |
| C108712 | type 1 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | res30: Diabetes mellitus |