End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

PH574 / 1148

Kethryn E Mansfield, Dorothea Nitsch, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaram, Laurie A Tomlinson

Oct 6, 2021

Clinical-Coded Phenotype

  1. Overview

    Phenotype Type
    Disease or syndrome
    Sex
    Both
    Valid Event Date Range
    01/04/1997 - 31/03/2014
    Coding System
    ICD10 codesRead codes v2
    Data Sources
    CPRD GOLD
    HES Admitted Patient Care data for CPRD GOLD
    Collections
    ClinicalCodes RepositoryPhenotype Library
    Tags
    No data
    Ontology
    No data

  2. Definition

    Objective:

    To investigate whether there is an association between use of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).

    Design:

    A time-updated, new-user cohort study among people initiating common antihypertensives (ACEI/ARB, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics) in primary care between April 1997 and March 2014.

    Participants:

    Adults initiating antihypertensive drug treatment, with at least one year of registration prior to first prescription, identified from UK primary care practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and eligible for linkage to hospital records data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database.

    Main outcome measures:

    Incidence rate ratio (RR) for first episode of AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed, estimated using Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, use of other antihypertensive drugs, and calendar period.

    Results:

    Among 570,443 participants with a median follow-up of 2.8 years (IQR 0.4 to 7) there were 15,004 first cases of AKI. The overall crude rate of AKI was 6.4/1,000 person years at risk (95% CI 6.30 to 6.50) but varied from 1.63 (1.43 to 1.86) to 662.53 (538.98 to 814.40) depending on, age, comorbidities, and other prescribed drugs. The adjusted RR of AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed was 1.18 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.23) which was attenuated to 1.12 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.17) after adjustment for non-thiazide diuretic therapy. There was an interaction for the risk of AKI between people using loop diuretics and ACEI/ARB. For those taking loop diuretics, the adjusted RR of AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed was 0.99 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) but it was 1.18 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.24) among people not-exposed to loop diuretics (p<0.001).

    Conclusions:

    Treatment with ACEI/ARB alone appears to be associated with a small increase in the rate of AKI which is largely seen among people with low absolute risk of AKI. Among people requiring loop diuretics, who have a high absolute risk of AKI, treatment with ACEI/ARB had no measurable association with AKI.

  3. Implementation

    Implementation

    No data

  4. Clinical Codelist

  5. Publication

    Related publications

    • Kethryn E Mansfield, Dorothea Nitsch, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaram, Laurie A Tomlinson, Renin-angiostensin system blockage and risk of acute kidney injury. 2015.

    Citation Example

    Kethryn E Mansfield, Dorothea Nitsch, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaram, Laurie A Tomlinson. PH574 / 1148 - End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Phenotype Library [Online]. 06 October 2021. Available from: http://phenotypes.healthdatagateway.org/phenotypes/PH574/version/1148/detail/. [Accessed 22 February 2026]

  6. API

    To Export Phenotype Details:

    FormatAPI
    JSON site_root/api/v1/phenotypes/PH574/version/1148/detail/?format=json
    R Package

    # Download here

    library(ConceptLibraryClient)


    # Connect to API

    client = ConceptLibraryClient::Connection$new(public=TRUE)


    # Get details of Phenotype

    phenotype_details = client$phenotypes$get_detail(
     'PH574',
     version_id=1148
    )

    Py Package

    # Download here

    from pyconceptlibraryclient import Client


    # Connect to API

    client = Client(public=True)


    # Get details of Phenotype

    phenotype_detail = client.phenotypes.get_detail(
     'PH574',
     version_id=1148
    )

    To Export Phenotype Code List:

    FormatAPI
    JSON site_root/api/v1/phenotypes/PH574/version/1148/export/codes/?format=json
    R Package

    # Download here

    library(ConceptLibraryClient)


    # Connect to API

    client = ConceptLibraryClient::Connection$new(public=TRUE)


    # Get codelist of Phenotype

    phenotype_codelist = client$phenotypes$get_codelist(
     'PH574',
     version_id=1148
    )

    Py Package

    # Download here

    from pyconceptlibraryclient import Client


    # Connect to API

    client = Client(public=True)


    # Get codelist of Phenotype

    phenotype_codelist = client.phenotypes.get_codelist(
     'PH574',
     version_id=1148
    )

  7. Version History

    Version IDNameOwnerPublish date
    End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) ieuan.scanlon2021-10-06 16:25