Objectives:
To conduct a fully independent, external validation of a research study based on one electronic health record database using a different database sampling from the same population.
Design:
Retrospective cohort analysis of β-blocker therapy and all-cause mortality in patients with cancer.
Setting:
Two UK national primary care databases (PCDs): the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Doctors’ Independent Network (DIN).
Participants:
CPRD data for 11 302 patients with cancer compared with published results from DIN for 3462 patients; study period January 1997 to December 2006.
Primary and secondary outcome measures:
All-cause mortality: overall; by treatment subgroup (β-blockers only, β-blockers plus other blood pressure lowering medicines (BPLM), other BPLMs only); and by cancer site.
Results:
Using CPRD, β-blocker use was not associated with mortality (HR=1.03, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.14, vs patients prescribed other BPLMs only), but DIN β-blocker users had significantly higher mortality (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.33). However, these HRs were not statistically different (p=0.063), but did differ for patients on β-blockers alone (CPRD=0.94, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.07; DIN=1.37, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.61; p<0.001). Results for individual cancer sites differed by study, but only significantly for prostate and pancreas cancers. Results were robust under sensitivity analyses, but we could not be certain that mortality was identically defined in both databases.
Conclusions:
We found a complex pattern of similarities and differences between databases. Overall treatment effect estimates were not statistically different, adding to a growing body of evidence that different UK PCDs produce comparable effect estimates. However, individually the two studies lead to different conclusions regarding the safety of β-blockers and some subgroup effects differed significantly. Single studies using even internally wellvalidated databases do not guarantee generalisable results, especially for subgroups, and confirmatory studies using at least one other independent data source are strongly recommended.
David A Springate, Darrent M Aschroft, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Tim Doran, Ronan Ryan, David Reeves, Can analyses of electronic patient records be independently and externally validated? Study 2—the effect of β-adrenoceptor blocker therapy on cancer survival a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 5(e007299), 2014.
Code | Description | Coding System (CPRD_product_code) | Entity type | Category |
---|---|---|---|---|
10135 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 10mg [SANDOZ] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
10136 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 20mg [DEXCEL] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
10153 | FELENDIL XL modified release tablet 5mg [RATIOPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
10246 | ADIPINE XL tablets 60mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
10267 | ADIZEM XL capsules 200mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
10595 | NIMOTOP tablets 30mg [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
10688 | verapamil hydrochloride tablets 160mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
10832 | SECURON tablets 80mg [ABBOTT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1118 | verapamil hydrochloride tablets 40mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1120 | verapamil hydrochloride tablets 80mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11223 | ANGITIL SR capsules 90mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1130 | VIAZEM XL capsules 300mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11512 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 10mg [DEXCEL] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11547 | nimodipine tablets 30mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11567 | ramipril with felodipine modified release tablet 5mg + 5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11769 | CALCHAN MR tablets 20mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11770 | DILZEM SR capsules 60mg [CEPHALON] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11777 | verapamil hydrochloride sugar free solution 40mg/5ml | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11922 | diltiazem oral suspension 60mg/5ml | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11943 | CARDENE capsules 20mg [ASTELLAS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11965 | ramipril with felodipine modified release tablet 2.5mg + 2.5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11966 | MOTENS tablets 2mg [BOEH INGL] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11972 | VERTAB SR tablets 240mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
11973 | CALCICARD CR controlled release tablet 120mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
12104 | CORDILOX tablets 160mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
12392 | UNIVER sustained release capsules 180mg [CEPHALON] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
12606 | NIFELEASE modified release tablet 20mg [EASTERN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
12613 | UNIPINE XL modified release tablet 30mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1262 | nifedipine 12 hour modified release tablets 20mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
12639 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 90mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
12705 | ANGIOZEM CR slow-release tablets 90mg [ASHBOURNE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
12875 | CARDENE SR capsules 45mg [ASTELLAS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1289 | TILDIEM RETARD tablets 120mg [SANOFI/AVE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1298 | verapamil hydrochloride modified release tablet 240mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1300 | NIFENSAR XL sustained release tablets 20mg [RHONE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13027 | VIAZEM XL capsules 240mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13033 | ANGITIL XL capsules 240mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13075 | DILZEM XL capsules 180mg [CEPHALON] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13127 | DILZEM XL capsules 240mg [CEPHALON] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13139 | ADIPINE XL tablets 30mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13240 | DILZEM XL capsules 120mg [CEPHALON] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13243 | lercanidipine hydrochloride tablets 20mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13251 | VERA-TIL SR tablets 240mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13302 | DILZEM SR capsules 90mg [CEPHALON] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13410 | ANGIOZEM tablets 60mg [ASHBOURNE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13672 | ANGIOPINE MR modified release tablet 10mg [ASHBOURNE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13699 | ANGIOPINE LA tablets 40mg [ASHBOURNE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13856 | VERAPRESS MR tablets 240mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13926 | diltiazem 24 hour modified release capsules 360mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
13965 | CORDILOX MR tablets 240mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
14300 | ZANIDIP tablets 20mg [RECORDATI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
14305 | VASCALPHA prolonged release tablet 10mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1449 | nifedipine 24 hour modified release tablets 30mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
14861 | CALCHAN MR tablets 10mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
15117 | nifedipine with atenolol capsules 20mg + 50mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
15221 | DILCARDIA XL modified release capsules 180mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
15288 | ANGITIL XL capsules 300mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1529 | POSICOR tablets 50mg [ROCHE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1538 | diltiazem tablets 60mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
15652 | mibefradil tablets 50mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
15715 | GENALAT RETARD modified release tablet 20mg [WYETH PHAR] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1574 | verapamil hydrochloride modified release capsules 120mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
16038 | DILZEM SR capsules 120mg [CEPHALON] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
16073 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 10mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
16162 | amlodipine oral suspension 5mg/5ml | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
16328 | VERAPRESS modified release tablet 240mg [DEXCEL] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
16677 | CORDILOX tablets 80mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1684 | BETA-ADALAT capsules 50mg + 20mg [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
16850 | ANGIOZEM CR slow-release tablets 120mg [ASHBOURNE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1686 | diltiazem 12 hour modified release capsules 90mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17006 | TRIAPIN modified release tablet 5mg + 5mg [AVENTIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17325 | CARDILATE MR tablets 10mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17338 | NIFEDOTARD 20 MR modified release tablet 20mg [GALEN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17342 | NIVATEN RETARD modified release tablet 10mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17406 | ZEMTARD XL capsules 180mg [GALEN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17425 | ZEMTARD XL capsules 120mg [GALEN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17448 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 10mg [STERWIN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1747 | verapamil hydrochloride tablets 120mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17474 | felodipine with ramipril modified release tablet 5mg + 5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1748 | CORDILOX tablets 120mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17492 | ZEMTARD XL capsules 300mg [GALEN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17557 | FELOTENS XL tablets 5mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17566 | FELOTENS XL tablets 10mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17586 | SLOZEM capsules 300mg [MERCK SER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17599 | VERAPRESS MR tablets 240mg [SANDOZ] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17640 | AMLOSTIN tablets 5mg [DISCOVERY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
17666 | VIAZEM XL capsules 180mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18038 | nisoldipine modified release tablet 20mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18223 | trandolapril with verapamil modified release capsules 2mg + 180mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1836 | diltiazem 8 hour modified release tablets 60mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18379 | DILCARDIA SR modified release capsules 90mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18403 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release capsules 180mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18404 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE SR capsules 60mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1854 | ADALAT LA tablets 30mg [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18606 | diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide modified release capsules 150mg + 12.5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18830 | DISOGRAM SR capsules 90mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18834 | DISOGRAM SR capsules 60mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18852 | DISOGRAM SR capsules 120mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18874 | DISOGRAM SR capsules 180mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
18975 | CALCICARD tablets 60mg [3M] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19013 | CLINIUM tablets 120mg [LEO] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19129 | SYSCOR MR modified release tablet 10mg [FOREST] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19170 | TENSIPINE MR tablets 10mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19175 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 40mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19325 | CORDILOX injection 2.5mg/ml [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19426 | DISOGRAM SR capsules 240mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19440 | DISOGRAM SR capsules 300mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19457 | RANVERA MR tablets 240mg [RANBAXY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19459 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 240mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
19690 | verapamil hydrochloride with trandolapril modified release capsules 180mg + 2mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
1995 | diltiazem 12 hour modified release capsules 120mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
20257 | CARDILATE MR tablets 20mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
20311 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 20mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
20459 | FELENDIL XL modified release tablet 10mg [RATIOPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
20579 | TARKA capsules 180mg + 2mg [ABBOTT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
20591 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 20mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
20642 | BI-CARZEM SR capsules 60mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
20878 | ANGIOPINE capsules 10mg [ASHBOURNE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
20890 | ZEMTARD XL capsules 240mg [GALEN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21145 | DILCARDIA SR modified release capsules 60mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21162 | felodipine with ramipril modified release tablet 2.5mg + 2.5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21216 | HYPOLAR RETARD-10 modified release tablet 10mg [SANDOZ] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21245 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 10mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21763 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 60mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21773 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 60mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21778 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 60mg [APS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21795 | RETALZEM modified release tablet 60mg [KENT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21872 | ANGIOPINE capsules 5mg [ASHBOURNE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21886 | NIFEDIPRESS MR modified release tablet 20mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
219 | diltiazem 12 hour modified release tablets 120mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
21918 | OPTIL modified release tablet 60mg [OPUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
22019 | CALANIF capsules 10mg [BERK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
22142 | CALCILAT capsules 10mg [EASTERN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
22217 | NIMODREL MR tablets 10mg [OPUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
22241 | mibefradil tablets 100mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
22619 | BRITIAZIM modified release tablet 60mg [THAMES] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
22696 | SLOFEDIPINE SR modified release tablet 20mg [STERWIN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2280 | ADALAT RETARD tablets 10mg [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
22826 | SECURON tablets 160mg [ABBOTT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
23233 | BI-CARZEM SR capsules 90mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2343 | ADALAT RETARD tablets 20mg [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
23505 | ADIZEM XL PLUS controlled release capsules 150mg + 12.5mg [NAPP] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
23733 | OPTIL SR sustained release capsules 90mg [OPUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
23736 | HYPOLAR XL extra modified release tablet 30mg [SANDOZ] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
23805 | nisoldipine modified release tablet 10mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
23823 | nisoldipine modified release tablet 30mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
23872 | BERKATENS tablets 40mg [BERK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
24228 | NIMODREL MR tablets 20mg [OPUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
24365 | CARDIOPLEN XL tablets 5mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
24366 | CARDIOPLEN XL tablets 10mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2453 | diltiazem modified release capsules 60mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
25059 | BERKATENS tablets 80mg [BERK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
25132 | NIFOPRESS MR tablets 20mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2521 | ADALAT capsules 10mg [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2528 | SLOZEM capsules 120mg [MERCK SER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
25572 | FELOGEN XL tablets 5mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
25646 | NIVATEN RETARD modified release tablet 20mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
25777 | DILCARDIA SR modified release capsules 120mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
25919 | NIFEDIPINE modified release tablet 20mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2592 | VIAZEM XL capsules 120mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2605 | nifedipine 12 hour modified release capsules 10mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26252 | BERKATENS tablets 160mg [BERK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26265 | CALANIF capsules 5mg [BERK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26267 | OPTIL SR sustained release capsules 120mg [OPUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26269 | OPTIL SR sustained release capsules 180mg [OPUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26270 | OPTIL XL extra sustained release capsules 300mg [OPUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26309 | OPTIL XL extra sustained release capsules 240mg [OPUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26337 | CABREN SR tablets 10mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26460 | DILCARDIA XL modified release capsules 240mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26463 | ZEMRET XL capsules 240mg [NEOLAB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2663 | diltiazem modified release capsules 240mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26674 | verapamil hydrochloride injection 5mg/2ml | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26759 | ZILDIL SR modified release capsules 60mg [CHANELLE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
26774 | nifedipine oral suspension 10mg/5ml | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2686 | DILZEM XL MR capsules 240mg [ELANPHARMA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
269 | nifedipine capsules 5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
27135 | DILTIAZEM SR capsules 90mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
27136 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 90mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
27295 | SECURON IV injection 5mg/2ml [ABBOTT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
27401 | KENZEM SR capsules 90mg [KENT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2746 | CORACTEN SR modified release capsules 10mg [UCB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
27685 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE XL capsules 300mg [PLIVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2811 | ADIZEM SR capsules 180mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
28438 | TRIAPIN MITE modified release tablet 2.5mg + 2.5mg [AVENTIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
28688 | NIFEDIPINE modified release tablet 10mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
28721 | NEOFEL XL tablets 5mg [NEOLAB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
28843 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 80mg [CELLTECH] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
28844 | BERKATENS tablets 120mg [BERK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2888 | TILDIEM modified release tablet 60mg [SANOFI/AVE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
28949 | BI-CARZEM SR capsules 120mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
29 | amlodipine (as besilate) tablets 5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
29044 | NEOFEL XL tablets 10mg [NEOLAB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
29145 | FELENDIL XL modified release tablet 2.5mg [RATIOPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
2926 | nicardipine hydrochloride capsules 20mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
29637 | VERAPRESS MR tablets 240mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
29676 | CALAZEM modified release tablet 60mg [BERK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30197 | diltiazem modified release capsules 120mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30199 | nifedipine modified release tablet 30mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30242 | diltiazem modified release capsules 180mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30462 | ETHIMIL modified release tablet 240mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30473 | CORODAY modified release tablet 20mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30557 | FELOGEN XL tablets 10mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3057 | SECURON tablets 120mg [ABBOTT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3061 | diltiazem 12 hour modified release capsules 180mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30758 | lidoflazine tablets 120mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30915 | CABREN SR tablets 2.5mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
30991 | CABREN SR tablets 5mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3118 | ADIZEM SR capsules 90mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
31336 | SYSCOR MR modified release tablet 30mg [FOREST] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
31337 | SYSCOR MR modified release tablet 20mg [FOREST] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
31489 | BI-CARZEM XL capsules 240mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
31490 | ZOLVERA oral solution 40mg/5ml [ROSEMONT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
31676 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 120mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
31711 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 80mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
31737 | ZILDIL SR modified release capsules 120mg [CHANELLE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
31761 | AMLOSTIN tablets 10mg [DISCOVERY] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
32089 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE SR capsules 120mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3221 | lacidipine tablets 4mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
32262 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 60mg [CP PHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
32590 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 40mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
32595 | AMLODIPINE tablets 5mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
32658 | DILCARDIA XL modified release capsules 120mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
32870 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 60mg [STERWIN] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
32917 | AMLODIPINE tablets 5mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
32922 | FELODIPINE modified release tablet 10mg [SANDOZ] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3302 | CARDENE SR capsules 30mg [ASTELLAS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
33025 | NIMODREL XL tablets 30mg [ZURICH] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
33091 | FELODIPINE modified release tablet 10mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3342 | SECURON SR tablets 240mg [ABBOTT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3343 | HALF SECURON SR tablets 120mg [ABBOTT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
33471 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 40mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3370 | DILZEM XL MR capsules 120mg [ELANPHARMA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
33932 | PARMID XL tablets 5mg [SANDOZ] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34093 | AMLODIPINE tablets 10mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34101 | NIFEDIPINE MR modified release tablet 20mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34115 | nifedipine modified release tablet 60mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34146 | NIFEDIPINE MR modified release tablet 10mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34187 | NIFEDIPINE modified release tablet 10mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34247 | NIFEDIPINE capsules 10mg [BERK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34377 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE SR capsules 90mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34475 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 90mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34522 | NIFEDIPINE capsules 5mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34581 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 60mg [KENT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34607 | NIFEDIPINE capsules 5mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34824 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 120mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34959 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 40mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
34975 | NIFEDIPINE capsules 5mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35084 | VASCALPHA prolonged release tablet 5mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35096 | EXFORGE tablets 10mg + 160mg [NOVARTIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35173 | valsartan with amlodipine tablets 160mg + 5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35174 | valsartan with amlodipine tablets 80mg + 5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35189 | amlodipine with valsartan tablets 10mg + 160mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35304 | valsartan with amlodipine tablets 160mg + 10mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35317 | EXFORGE tablets 5mg + 80mg [NOVARTIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35329 | amlodipine with valsartan tablets 5mg + 80mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35343 | amlodipine with valsartan tablets 5mg + 160mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35592 | CARDIOPLEN XL tablets 2.5mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35646 | NEOZIPINE XL tablets 60mg [NEOLAB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35696 | KENZEM SR capsules 120mg [KENT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35697 | EXFORGE tablets 5mg + 160mg [NOVARTIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
35729 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 80mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
36202 | AMLODIPINE tablets 10mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
36583 | ZEMRET XL capsules 180mg [NEOLAB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
36620 | PARMID XL tablets 10mg [SANDOZ] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
36664 | ZEMRET XL capsules 300mg [NEOLAB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3676 | DILZEM XL MR capsules 180mg [ELANPHARMA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
37025 | nifedipine modified release tablet 20mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3711 | ADIPINE MR 20 modified release tablet 20mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3712 | CORACTEN XL modified release capsules 30mg [UCB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
37184 | VALNI XL tablets 30mg [WINTHROP] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
37530 | NEOZIPINE XL tablets 30mg [NEOLAB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
37726 | nifedipine oral suspension 100mg/5ml | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
37774 | KENZEM SR capsules 60mg [KENT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
37897 | FELOTENS XL tablets 2.5mg [GENUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38066 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 60mg [LAGAP] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38107 | NIFEDIPINE SR tablets 30mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38434 | KELOC SR tablets 10mg [APS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38545 | TILDIEM LA capsules 200mg [SANOFI/AVE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38632 | ADIZEM SR capsules 90mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38634 | ADIZEM XL capsules 300mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38818 | ADIZEM SR capsules 120mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38831 | ADIZEM SR capsules 180mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38855 | ADIZEM XL capsules 180mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38865 | ADIZEM XL capsules 120mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38876 | TILDIEM LA capsules 300mg [SANOFI/AVE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38882 | ADIZEM XL capsules 240mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
38964 | ADIZEM SR tablets 120mg [NAPPPHARM] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
39009 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 40mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3917 | ISTIN tablets 5mg [PFIZER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
39171 | BI-CARZEM SR capsules 60mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
39298 | BI-CARZEM SR capsules 90mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3930 | nifedipine 24 hour modified release tablets 60mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3931 | POSICOR tablets 100mg [ROCHE] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
39357 | NEOFEL XL tablets 2.5mg [NEOLAB] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
3943 | verapamil hydrochloride modified release capsules 240mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
39800 | VALNI XL tablets 60mg [WINTHROP] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
39804 | AMLODIPINE tablets 5mg [DR REDDY`S] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
39914 | AMLODIPINE tablets 5mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
39984 | SEVIKAR film coated tablets 20mg + 5mg [DAIIC-SANK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
40074 | nifedipine capsules 20mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
40316 | olmesartan medoxomil with amlodipine tablets 20mg + 5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
40405 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 120mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
40633 | VASCALPHA prolonged release tablet 5mg [ALMUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
40639 | olmesartan medoxomil with amlodipine tablets 40mg + 5mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
40668 | olmesartan medoxomil with amlodipine tablets 40mg + 10mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
410 | nifedipine 12 hour modified release tablets 10mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
41203 | SEVIKAR film coated tablets 40mg + 10mg [DAIIC-SANK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
41205 | SEVIKAR film coated tablets 40mg + 5mg [DAIIC-SANK] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
41489 | BI-CARZEM SR capsules 120mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
41586 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 80mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
41635 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 60mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
41679 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 80mg [IVAX] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
41693 | VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE tablets 120mg [GEN (UK)] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
41979 | ADIPINE LA extra modified release tablet 30mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
42210 | AMLODIPINE tablets 10mg [WINTHROP] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
4227 | ADALAT LA tablets 60mg [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
4239 | ADIPINE MR 10 modified release tablet 10mg [CHIESI] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
42625 | VERA-TIL SR tablets 120mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
42731 | DILTIAZEM SR capsules 120mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
42804 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE XL capsules 180mg [PLIVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
42819 | DILTIAZEM XL capsules 240mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
42912 | NIFEDIPINE capsules 10mg [TEVA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
4308 | DILZEM SR capsules 90mg [ELANPHARMA] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43222 | VALNI RETARD tablets 20mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43394 | PINEFELD XL tablets 10mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43410 | nifedipine extra modified release tablet 60mg | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43430 | DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE modified release tablet 120mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43470 | AMLODIPINE tablets 5mg [WOCKHARDT] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43511 | NIFEDIPINE capsules 10mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43512 | FELODIPINE modified release tablet 5mg [HILLCROSS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43515 | NIFEDIPINE capsules 10mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43753 | ADALAT LA 30 prolonged release tablet [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43790 | VASCALPHA prolonged release tablet 10mg [ALMUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43818 | ADALAT LA 60 prolonged release tablet [BAYER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43879 | VERA-TIL SR tablets 240mg [ACTAVIS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
43880 | AMLODIPINE tablets 5mg [ALMUS] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
4408 | SLOZEM capsules 240mg [MERCK SER] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
44192 | ZEMRET XL capsules 240mg [TILLOMED] | CPRD_product_code | res24: ca_channel_blockers | drug |
44859 | FELODIPINE SR tablets 5mg [APS] | CPRD_product_code |