These codes are not intended to be mandatory, but are to be used as a starting point for the identification of COPD in routine EHR. Each study may differ in the sensitivity and specificity of the coding required.
According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the diagnosis of COPD, COPD should be suspected in patients over 35 years old who have a risk factor (typically smoking) and at least one symptom. It is therefore recommended that these codes are only utilised in an adult population at least 35 years old with a history of smoking.
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng115/chapter/Recommendations#diagnosing-copd
Use the following terms to find COPD codes in code browsers
Note: * is a wildcard indicating inclusion of any characters
Search terms:
*copd*
*chronic obstructive pulmonary disease*
*emphysema*
*airway obstruction*
*airway obstrucn*
*emphysematous*
*chronic obstructive airways*
*chronic obstructive*
Exclude terms:
"subcutaneous emphysema"
Publications in 2019 using validated Read codes from Quint et al. 2014
D. Stolz, Kostikas, K., Loefroth, E., Fogel, R., Gutzwiller, F. S., Conti, V., Cao, H., and Clemens, A., “Differences in COPD exacerbation risk between women and men: analysis from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink data”, Chest, 2019.
M. Pikoula, Quint, J. K., Nissen, F., Hemingway, H., Smeeth, L., and Denaxas, S., “Identifying clinically important COPD sub-types using data-driven approaches in primary care population based electronic health records”, BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, vol. 19, p. 86, 2019.
H. R. Whittaker, Mullerova, H., Jarvis, D., Barnes, N. C., Jones, P. W., Compton, C. H., Kiddle, S. J., and Quint, J. K., “Inhaled corticosteroids, blood eosinophils, and FEV1 decline in patients with COPD in a large UK primary health care setting”, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol. 14, pp. 1063-1073, 2019.
C. I. Bloom, Ricciardi, F., Smeeth, L., Stone, P., and Quint, J. K., “Predicting COPD 1-year mortality using prognostic predictors routinely measured in primary care”, BMC Med, vol. 17, p. 73, 2019.
D. Dedman, Coton, S. J., Ghosh, R. E., Meeraus, W., Crim, C., Harvey, C., Amelio, J., and Landis, S. H., “Treatment Patterns of New Users of Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol in Asthma and COPD in UK Primary Care: Retrospective Cohort Study”, Pulmonary Therapy, vol. 5, pp. 81-95, 2019.
J. D. Chalmers, Poole, C., Webster, S., Tebboth, A., Dickinson, S., and Gayle, A., “Assessing the healthcare resource use associated with inappropriate prescribing of inhaled corticosteroids for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in GOLD groups A or B: an observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Data”, Respir Res, vol. 19, p. 63, 2018.
Publications in 2019 using Read codes from QOF
P. Rockenschaub, Jhass, A., Freemantle, N., Aryee, A., Rafiq, M., Hayward, A., and Shallcross, L., “Opportunities to reduce antibiotic prescribing for patients with COPD in primary care: a cohort study using electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)”, J Antimicrob Chemother, 2019.
Publications in 2020
Found articles with screening decisions can be found at:
https://www.zotero.org/groups/2751849/copd_search_for_codes/library
Publications in 2020 using validated Read codes from Quint et al. 2014
Axson et al. "Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Heart Failure among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Association with Mortality." 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201911-820OC
Bloom et al. "Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment Regimens and Health Outcomes in a UK COPD Population Study." 10.2147/COPD.S241568
Kiddle et al. "Prediction of five-year mortality after COPD diagnosis using primary care records." 10.1371/journal.pone.0236011
Kositkas et al. "Clinical Impact and Healthcare Resource Utilization Associated with Early versus Late COPD Diagnosis in Patients from UK CPRD Database." 10.2147/COPD.S255414
Requena et al. "Feasibility of using Clinical Practice Research Datalink data to identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to enrol into real-world trials." 10.1002/pds.5188
Schultze et al. "Risk of COVID-19-related death among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroids: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform." 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30415-X
Stone et al. "Predictors of Referral to Pulmonary Rehabilitation from UK Primary Care."10.2147/COPD.S273336
Whittaker et al. "Accelerated FEV1 decline and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in a primary care population of COPD patients." 10.1183/13993003.00918-2020
Whittaker et al. "Eligibility for Lung Volume Reduction Surgery in Patients With COPD Identified in a UK Primary Care Setting."10.1016/j.chest.2019.07.016
Whittaker et al. "Characteristics Associated with Accelerated Lung Function Decline in a Primary Care Population with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease."10.2147/COPD.S278981
Publications in 2020 using Read codes from QOF
Kerkhof et al. "Association between COPD exacerbations and lung function decline during maintenance therapy." 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214457
Mehta et al. "COPD and asthma in patients with opioid dependency: a cross-sectional study in primary care."10.1038/s41533-019-0161-7
Rockenschaub et al. "Antibiotic Prescribing Before and After the Diagnosis of Comorbidity: A Cohort Study Using Primary Care Electronic Health Records." 10.1093/cid/ciz1016
Rockenschaub et al. "Antibiotic Prescribing Before and After the Diagnosis of Comorbidity: A Cohort Study Using Primary Care Electronic Health Records."10.1093/jac/dkz411
Publications in 2020 using Read codes from TargetCOPD (Jordan et al. 2016)
Dickens et al. "Accuracy of Vitalograph lung monitor as a screening test for COPD in primary care."10.1038/s41533-019-0158-2
Haroon et al. "Impact of COPD case finding on clinical care: a prospective analysis of the TargetCOPD trial."10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038286
Publications in 2020 using ICD-9/ICD-10 codes from Gershon et al. 2009
Baliunas et al. "Variability in patient sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and healthcare service utilization among 107,302 treatment seeking smokers in Ontario: A cross-sectional comparison." 10.1371/journal.pone.0235709
Johnson et al. "Healthcare system encounters before COPD diagnosis: a registry-based longitudinal cohort study." 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213554
Code repositories
ID- Cambridge COP087 - Repository- University of Cambridge Primary Care Unit - Description- CPRD @ Cambridge – [v1.0 ARCHIVED] – August 2017 (GOLD): COPD codelist: CPRD Cambridge created, based on the QOF2012 list. Likely to be sensitive as broad range of codes. (CPRDCAM_COP087_MEDCODES) - Publication- QOF 2012
ID- Cambridge COP151 - Repository- University of Cambridge Primary Care Unit - Description- CPRD @ Cambridge – Codes Lists (GOLD): COPD: List developed by Cambridge CPRD group, based on the QOF2012 list. Likely to be sensitive as broad range of codes. (COP151) - Publication- QOF 2012
ID- Cambridge COPD_COD - Repository- University of Cambridge Primary Care Unit - Description- CPRD @ Cambridge – Code Lists (QOFv44 Business Rules): QOF SNOMED -> CPRD Aurum (COPD: COPD_COD) - Publication- https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/quality-and-outcomes-framework-qof/quality-and-outcome-framework-qof-business-rules/quality-and-outcomes-framework-qof-business-rules-v44-2019-2020-october-2020-release
ID- LSHTM Data Compass 340 - Repository- LSHTM Data Compass - Description- Clinical code list - COPD codes - Publication-
ID- LSHTM Data Compass 859 - Repository- LSHTM Data Compass - Description- Clinical Codelist - Read codes for COPD - Publication-
ID- LSHTM Data Compass 1134 - Repository- LSHTM Data Compass - Description- Covariate Code List - COPD - Publication-
ID- LSHTM Data Compass 1600 - Repository- LSHTM Data Compass - Description- Clinical Code List - Zoster Comorbidity Read Codes - Publication-
ID- LSHTM Data Compass 1601 - Repository- LSHTM Data Compass - Description- Clinical Code List - Zoster Comorbidity Read Codes - Publication-
ID- LSHTM Data Compass 1682 - Repository- LSHTM Data Compass - Description- Clinical codelist - Chronic pulmonary disease codes - Publication-
ID- LSHTM Data Compass 2036 - Repository- LSHTM Data Compass - Description- Clinical codelist - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease read codes - Publication-
ID- LSHTM Data Compass 2037 - Repository- LSHTM Data Compass - Description- Clinical codelist - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ICD-10 codes - Publication-
ID- Manchester Clinical Codes 1 - Repository- Manchester Clinical Codes - Description- QOF Business Rules v24 - Publication- QOF v24
ID- Manchester Clinical Codes 2 - Repository- Manchester Clinical Codes - Description- QOF Business Rules v5 - Publication- QOF v5
ID- Manchester Clinical Codes 5 - Repository- Manchester Clinical Codes - Description- Withdrawing Performance Indicators: Retrospective Analysis of General Practice Performance Under the UKs Quality and Outcomes Framework - Publication- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g330
ID- Manchester Clinical Codes 6 - Repository- Manchester Clinical Codes - Description- Effect of financial incentives on incentivised and non-incentivised clinical activities: longitudinal analysis of data from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework - Publication- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d3590
ID- Manchester Clinical Codes 9 - Repository- Manchester Clinical Codes - Description- Glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels and their relationships to clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study - Publication- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-014-3473-8
ID- Manchester Clinical Codes 21 - Repository- Manchester Clinical Codes - Description- Primary care consultation rates among people with and without severe mental illness: a UK cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink - Publication- http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008650
ID- Manchester Clinical Codes 26 - Repository- Manchester Clinical Codes - Description- Inequalities in physical co-morbidity: A longitudinal comparative observational study of people with severe mental illness in the UK - Publication- http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009010
ID- Manchester Clinical Codes 43 - Repository- Manchester Clinical Codes - Description- Recorded quality of primary care for patients with diabetes in England before and after the introduction of a financial incentive scheme: a longitudinal observational study - Publication- http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001033
ID- - Repository- OpenSAFELY Codelists - Description- Current COPD: Codelist indicating current COPD. - Publication-
| Code | Description | Jakobs et al., 2020 | Lokke et al., 2020 | Savran et al., 2020 | Nies et al., 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R95 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Code | Description | SNOMED CT Concept ID | SNOMED CT Description ID | Read V2 Code | BREATHE Chronic bronchitis | BREATHE Emphysema | BREATHE incident COPD | BREATHE prevalent COPD | BREATHE COPD exacerbations | BREATHE recommended | Cambridge COPD_COD (QOF v44) | LSHTM Data Compass 1601 | QOF v45 (2020-2021) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 105519017 | Chronic bronchitis | 63480004 | 105519017 | H31..00 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | ||
| 113497011 | Centrilobular emphysema | 68328006 | 113497011 | H322.00 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | ||
| 11828571000006115 | Bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans | 40100001 | 3636165018 | Y | |||||||||
| 1222334016 | Other specified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 13645005 | 475431013 | H3y..11 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| 1222335015 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease NOS | 13645005 | 475431013 | H3z..11 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| 1230190015 | MacLeod's unilateral emphysema | 45145000 | 1230190015 | H32y200 | Y | Y | |||||||
| 123588010 | Mucopurulent chronic bronchitis | 74417001 | 123588010 | H311.00 | Y | Y | Y | ||||||
| 12704691000006117 | Interstitial emphysema | 77690003 | 770361000006117 | Y | |||||||||
| 139979010 | Fetid chronic bronchitis | 84409004 | 506053014 | H311100 | Y | Y | Y | ||||||
| 1484924013 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease monitoring | 390891009 | 1484924013 | 66YB.00 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1484971019 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease monitoring due | 390941006 | 1484971019 | 66YD.00 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1488423019 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease follow-up | 394702007 | 1488423019 | 66YL.00 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1488424013 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease annual review | 394703002 | 1488424013 | 66YM.00 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1494601017 | COAD follow-up | 394702007 | 1494601017 | 66YL.12 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1573111000000115 | Issue of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rescue pack | 718241000000107 | 1573111000000115 | 8BMW.00 | Y | ||||||||
| 161781000006116 | Sawyer - Jones syndrome | 45145000 | 75284014 | H32yz11 | Y | Y | |||||||
| 1656601000006119 | COPD patient unsuitable for pulmonary rehabilitation | 1656601000006103 | 1656601000006119 | Y | |||||||||
| 1683181000000112 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3 monthly review | 760601000000107 | 1683181000000112 | 66YB000 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1683221000000119 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 6 monthly review | 760621000000103 | 1683221000000119 | 66YB100 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1699821000006113 | At risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas exacerbation | 383611000000102 | 756761000000112 | 14OX.00 | Y | ||||||||
| 1704531000006115 | COPD patient unsuitable for pulmonary rehab - enh serv admin | 371611000000107 | 1152601000000114 | 9kf0.00 | Y | ||||||||
| 1704541000006113 | COPD patient unsuitable for pulmonary rehabilitation | 371611000000107 | 1152601000000114 | 9kf0.11 | Y | ||||||||
| 1704551000006110 | Referred for COPD structured smoking assessment | 375851000000108 | 739301000000115 | 9kf1.11 | Y | ||||||||
| 1704561000006112 | Refer COPD structured smoking assessment - enhanc serv admin | 375851000000108 | 739301000000115 | 9kf1.00 | Y | ||||||||
| 1704571000006117 | COPD structured smoking assessment declined - enh serv admin | 375911000000102 | 739421000000116 | 9kf2.00 | Y | ||||||||
| 1704581000006119 | COPD structured smoking assessment declined | 375911000000102 | 739421000000116 | 9kf2.11 | Y | ||||||||
| 1724351000006112 | Clinical COPD Questionnaire | 1724351000006108 | 1724351000006112 | Y | |||||||||
| 1763751000006117 | GP out of hours notified of COPD care plan | 1763751000006101 | 1763751000006117 | Y | |||||||||
| 1771201000006116 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease multidisciplinary review | 1771201000006100 | 1771201000006116 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | ||||
| 1771441000006118 | COPD patient experience discussed | 1771441000006102 | 1771441000006118 | Y | |||||||||
| 1780380013 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease monitoring by nurse | 401184000 | 1780380013 | 66YS.00 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1780381012 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease monitoring by doctor | 401185004 | 1780381012 | 66YT.00 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||
| 1785171000006113 | GP OOH service notified of COPD care plan | 783631000000109 | 1752261000000117 | 9e03.00 | Y | ||||||||
| 1788021000006116 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rescue pack not indicated | 1788021000006100 | 1788021000006116 | Y | |||||||||
| 1811661000006110 | COPD self-management plan agreed | 811961000000106 | 2117851000000118 | 661M300 | Y | ||||||||
| 1811741000006117 | COPD self-management plan review | 810951000000101 | 2115731000000110 | 661N300 |