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Alcohol Abuse

Kathryn M Abel, Holly Hope, Eleanor Swift, Rosa Parisi, Darren M Ashcroft, Kyriaki Kosidov, Semre Su Osam, Christian Dolman, Mathias Pierce

ID
PH821
Version ID
1721
Type
Lifestyle Risk Factor
Data Sources
Valid event data range
01/01/2005 - 31/12/2017
Sex
♀  Female
Agreement Date
2019-06-30
Coding system
Read codes v2
Collections
ClinicalCodes Repository Phenotype Library
Tags
No tags

Definition

Background:

Little information exists about the prevalence of children exposed to maternal mental illness. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of children and adolescents exposed to maternal mental illness in the UK between 2005 and 2017 using primary care data.

Methods:

In this national retrospective cohort study, we included children aged 0–16 years born between Jan 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 2015, who were linked to their mothers and registered on the primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) between 2005 and 2017. We extracted data on diagnosis, symptoms, and therapy from the CRPD to define the following maternal mental illnesses: depression, anxiety, non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, eating disorders, personality disorders, alcohol misuse disorder, and substance misuse disorder. We also extracted data on socioeconomic status from the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 and data on ethnicity from the Hospital Episode Statistics dataset. The main outcome was prevalence of maternal mental illness. Prevalence was calculated for each 2-year period of childhood (from age 0–<2 to 14–<16 years) using marginal predictions from a logistic regression model. We used survival analysis to estimate the incidence and cumulative risk of children experiencing maternal mental illness by age 16 years.

Findings:

We identified 783 710 children registered in the UK CPRD mother-baby link database, and included 547 747 children (381 685 mothers) in our analysis. Overall prevalence of maternal mental illness was 23·2% (95% CI 23·1–23·4), which increased during childhood (21·9%, 21·7–22·1 among the 0–<2 year age group vs 27·3%, 26·8–27·8 among the 14–<16 year age group). Depression and anxiety were the most prevalent maternal mental illnesses. The proportion of children exposed to maternal mental illness increased from 22·2% (21·9–22·4) between 2005 and 2007 to 25·1% (24·8–25·5) between 2015 and 2017. Geographically, the highest prevalence of maternal mental illness was observed in Northern Ireland (29·8%, 29·0–30·5). In England, prevalence of maternal mental illness was highest among children in the most deprived areas (28·3%, 27·8–28·8). The incidence of maternal mental illness was highest between 0–3 months (26·7 per 100 person years, 26·4–27·1). By age 16 years, the cumulative risk of maternal mental illness was 53·1% (52·8–53·3).

Interpretation:

One in four children aged 0–16 years are exposed to maternal mental illness and the prevalence of diagnosed and treated maternal mental illness is increasing. Policy makers and commissioners should consider this information and channel resources to target individuals in greatest need.

Publications

  • Kathryn M Abel, Holly Hope, Eleanor Swift, Rosa Parisi, Darren M Ashcroft, Kyriaki Kosidov, Samre Su Osam, Christian Dolman, Mathias Pierce, Prevalence of maternal mental illness among children and adolescents in the UK between 2005 and 2017: a national retrospective cohort analysis. Lancet Public Health, 4, e291–300, 2019.

Clinical Code List

Rows: 101
Code Description Entity type Category Coding System (Read)
1369.00 Suspect alcohol abuse - denied res76: Alcohol abuse symptom Read
136R.00 Binge drinker res76: Alcohol abuse symptom Read
136S.00 Hazardous alcohol use res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
136T.00 Harmful alcohol use res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
136W.00 Alcohol misuse res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
13Y8.00 Alcoholics anonymous res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
1462.00 H/O: alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
1B1c.00 Alcohol induced hallucinations res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
2577.11 O/E - alcoholic breath res76: Alcohol abuse symptom Read
66e..00 Alcohol disorder monitoring res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
66e0.00 Alcohol abuse monitoring res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
7P22100 Delivery of rehabilitation for alcohol addiction res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
8BA8.00 Alcohol detoxification res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
8G32.00 Aversion therapy - alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
8H7p.00 Referral to community alcohol team res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
8HHe.00 Referral to community drug and alcohol team res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
8HkG.00 Referral to specialist alcohol treatment service res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
8IEA.00 Referral to community alcohol team declined res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
8W2..00 Refer to MH services deferred until alcohol misuse resolved res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
C150500 Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E01..00 Alcoholic psychoses res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E010.00 Alcohol withdrawal delirium res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E011.00 Alcohol amnestic syndrome res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E011000 Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E011100 Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis with peripheral neuritis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E011200 Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E011z00 Alcohol amnestic syndrome NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E012.00 Other alcoholic dementia res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E012.11 Alcoholic dementia NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E012000 Chronic alcoholic brain syndrome res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E013.00 Alcohol withdrawal hallucinosis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E014.00 Pathological alcohol intoxication res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E015.00 Alcoholic paranoia res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E01y.00 Other alcoholic psychosis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E01y000 Alcohol withdrawal syndrome res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E01z.00 Alcoholic psychosis NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E23..00 Alcohol dependence syndrome res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E23..11 Alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E230.00 Acute alcoholic intoxication in alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E230.11 Alcohol dependence with acute alcoholic intoxication res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E230000 Acute alcoholic intoxication, unspecified, in alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E230100 Continuous acute alcoholic intoxication in alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E230200 Episodic acute alcoholic intoxication in alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E230300 Acute alcoholic intoxication in remission, in alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E230z00 Acute alcoholic intoxication in alcoholism NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E231.00 Chronic alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E231000 Unspecified chronic alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E231100 Continuous chronic alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E231200 Episodic chronic alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E231300 Chronic alcoholism in remission res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E231z00 Chronic alcoholism NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E23z.00 Alcohol dependence syndrome NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E250.00 Nondependent alcohol abuse res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E250000 Nondependent alcohol abuse, unspecified res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E250100 Nondependent alcohol abuse, continuous res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E250200 Nondependent alcohol abuse, episodic res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E250300 Nondependent alcohol abuse in remission res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
E250z00 Nondependent alcohol abuse NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10.00 [X]Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10100 [X]Mental and behav dis due to use of alcohol: harmful use res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10200 [X]Mental and behav dis due to use alcohol: dependence syndr res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10211 [X]Alcohol addiction res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10212 [X]Chronic alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10300 [X]Mental and behav dis due to use alcohol: withdrawal state res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10400 [X]Men & behav dis due alcohl: withdrawl state with delirium res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10411 [X]Delirium tremens, alcohol induced res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10500 [X]Mental & behav dis due to use alcohol: psychotic disorder res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10511 [X]Alcoholic hallucinosis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10512 [X]Alcoholic jealousy res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10513 [X]Alcoholic paranoia res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10514 [X]Alcoholic psychosis NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10600 [X]Mental and behav dis due to use alcohol: amnesic syndrome res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10611 [X]Korsakov's psychosis, alcohol induced res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10700 [X]Men & behav dis due alcoh: resid & late-onset psychot dis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10711 [X]Alcoholic dementia NOS res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10712 [X]Chronic alcoholic brain syndrome res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10800 [X]Alcohol withdrawal-induced seizure res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10y00 [X]Men & behav dis due to use alcohol: oth men & behav dis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Eu10z00 [X]Ment & behav dis due use alcohol: unsp ment & behav dis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
F11x000 Cerebral degeneration due to alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
F11x011 Alcoholic encephalopathy res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
F144000 Cerebellar ataxia due to alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
F25B.00 Alcohol-induced epilepsy res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
F375.00 Alcoholic polyneuropathy res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
F394100 Alcoholic myopathy res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
G555.00 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
G852300 Oesophageal varices in alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J153.00 Alcoholic gastritis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J610.00 Alcoholic fatty liver res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J611.00 Acute alcoholic hepatitis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J612.00 Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J612000 Alcoholic fibrosis and sclerosis of liver res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J613.00 Alcoholic liver damage unspecified res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J613000 Alcoholic hepatic failure res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J617.00 Alcoholic hepatitis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J617000 Chronic alcoholic hepatitis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
J671000 Alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Z191.00 Alcohol detoxification res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
Z4B1.00 Alcoholism counselling res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
ZV11300 [V]Personal history of alcoholism res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read
ZV6D600 [V]Alcohol abuse counselling and surveillance res76: Alcohol abuse diagnostic Read

API

To Export Phenotype Details:

Format API
XML site_root/api/v1/public/phenotypes/PH821/version/1721/detail/?format=xml
JSON site_root/api/v1/public/phenotypes/PH821/version/1721/detail/?format=json
R Package

# Download here

library(ConceptLibraryClient)


# Connect to API

client = connect_to_API(public=TRUE)


# Get details of phenotype

details = get_phenotype_detail_by_version('PH821', '1721', api_client=client)

To Export Phenotype Code List:

Format API
XML site_root/api/v1/public/phenotypes/PH821/version/1721/export/codes/?format=xml
JSON site_root/api/v1/public/phenotypes/PH821/version/1721/export/codes/?format=json
CSV site_root/phenotypes/PH821/version/1721/export/codes/
R Package

# Download here

library(ConceptLibraryClient)


# Connect to API

client = connect_to_API(public=TRUE)


# Get codelists of phenotype

codelists = get_phenotype_code_list('PH821', '1721', api_client=client)

Version History

Version
ID
Name Owner Publish date
1721 Alcohol Abuse ieuan.scanlon 2022-04-04 currently shown

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