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Eating Disorders

Kathryn M Abel, Holly Hope, Eleanor Swift, Rosa Parisi, Darren M Ashcroft, Kyriaki Kosidov, Semre Su Osam, Christian Dolman, Mathias Pierce

ID
PH824
Version ID
1727
Type
Disease or Syndrome
Data Sources
Valid event data range
01/01/2005 - 31/12/2017
Sex
♀  Female
Agreement Date
2019-06-30
Coding system
Read codes v2
Collections
ClinicalCodes Repository Phenotype Library
Tags
No tags

Definition

Background:

Little information exists about the prevalence of children exposed to maternal mental illness. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of children and adolescents exposed to maternal mental illness in the UK between 2005 and 2017 using primary care data.

Methods:

In this national retrospective cohort study, we included children aged 0–16 years born between Jan 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 2015, who were linked to their mothers and registered on the primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) between 2005 and 2017. We extracted data on diagnosis, symptoms, and therapy from the CRPD to define the following maternal mental illnesses: depression, anxiety, non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, eating disorders, personality disorders, alcohol misuse disorder, and substance misuse disorder. We also extracted data on socioeconomic status from the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 and data on ethnicity from the Hospital Episode Statistics dataset. The main outcome was prevalence of maternal mental illness. Prevalence was calculated for each 2-year period of childhood (from age 0–<2 to 14–<16 years) using marginal predictions from a logistic regression model. We used survival analysis to estimate the incidence and cumulative risk of children experiencing maternal mental illness by age 16 years.

Findings:

We identified 783 710 children registered in the UK CPRD mother-baby link database, and included 547 747 children (381 685 mothers) in our analysis. Overall prevalence of maternal mental illness was 23·2% (95% CI 23·1–23·4), which increased during childhood (21·9%, 21·7–22·1 among the 0–<2 year age group vs 27·3%, 26·8–27·8 among the 14–<16 year age group). Depression and anxiety were the most prevalent maternal mental illnesses. The proportion of children exposed to maternal mental illness increased from 22·2% (21·9–22·4) between 2005 and 2007 to 25·1% (24·8–25·5) between 2015 and 2017. Geographically, the highest prevalence of maternal mental illness was observed in Northern Ireland (29·8%, 29·0–30·5). In England, prevalence of maternal mental illness was highest among children in the most deprived areas (28·3%, 27·8–28·8). The incidence of maternal mental illness was highest between 0–3 months (26·7 per 100 person years, 26·4–27·1). By age 16 years, the cumulative risk of maternal mental illness was 53·1% (52·8–53·3).

Interpretation:

One in four children aged 0–16 years are exposed to maternal mental illness and the prevalence of diagnosed and treated maternal mental illness is increasing. Policy makers and commissioners should consider this information and channel resources to target individuals in greatest need.

Publications

  • Kathryn M Abel, Holly Hope, Eleanor Swift, Rosa Parisi, Darren M Ashcroft, Kyriaki Kosidov, Samre Su Osam, Christian Dolman, Mathias Pierce, Prevalence of maternal mental illness among children and adolescents in the UK between 2005 and 2017: a national retrospective cohort analysis. Lancet Public Health, 4, e291–300, 2019.

Clinical Code List

Rows: 35
Code Description Entity type Category Coding System (Read)
1467.00 H/O: anorexia nervosa res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
1612.00 Appetite loss - anorexia res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
1612.11 Anorexia symptom res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
1614.00 Excessive eating - polyphagia res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
1614.12 Polyphagia symptom res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
1FF..00 Binge eating res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
1G2..00 Dissatisfied with body image res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
1JZ..00 Suspected binge eating disorder res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
8HTN.00 Referral to eating disorders clinic res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
9Nk9.00 Seen in eating disorder clinic res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
E264200 Cyclical vomiting - psychogenic res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
E271.00 Anorexia nervosa res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
E275.00 Other and unspecified non-organic eating disorders res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
E275000 Unspecified non-organic eating disorder res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
E275100 Bulimia (non-organic overeating) res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
E275111 Compulsive eating disorder res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
E275y00 Other specified non-organic eating disorder res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
E275z00 Non-organic eating disorder NOS res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50.00 [X]Eating disorders res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50000 [X]Anorexia nervosa res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50100 [X]Atypical anorexia nervosa res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50200 [X]Bulimia nervosa res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50211 [X]Bulimia NOS res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50212 [X]Hyperorexia nervosa res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50300 [X]Atypical bulimia nervosa res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50y00 [X]Other eating disorders res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50y11 [X]Pica in adults res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
Eu50z00 [X]Eating disorder, unspecified res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
R030.00 [D]Anorexia res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
R030z00 [D]Anorexia NOS res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
R036.00 [D]Polyphagia res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
R036011 [D]Bulimia NOS res76: Eating disorders diagnostic Read
R036100 [D]Hyperalimentation res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
R036z00 [D]Polyphagia NOS res76: Eating disorders symptom Read
Z7D1200 Distorted body image res76: Eating disorders symptom Read

API

To Export Phenotype Details:

Format API
XML site_root/api/v1/public/phenotypes/PH824/version/1727/detail/?format=xml
JSON site_root/api/v1/public/phenotypes/PH824/version/1727/detail/?format=json
R Package

# Download here

library(ConceptLibraryClient)


# Connect to API

client = connect_to_API(public=TRUE)


# Get details of phenotype

details = get_phenotype_detail_by_version('PH824', '1727', api_client=client)

To Export Phenotype Code List:

Format API
XML site_root/api/v1/public/phenotypes/PH824/version/1727/export/codes/?format=xml
JSON site_root/api/v1/public/phenotypes/PH824/version/1727/export/codes/?format=json
CSV site_root/phenotypes/PH824/version/1727/export/codes/
R Package

# Download here

library(ConceptLibraryClient)


# Connect to API

client = connect_to_API(public=TRUE)


# Get codelists of phenotype

codelists = get_phenotype_code_list('PH824', '1727', api_client=client)

Version History

Version
ID
Name Owner Publish date
1727 Eating Disorders ieuan.scanlon 2022-04-04 currently shown

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