Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI)

Victoria Palin, Anna Molter, Miguel Belmonte, Darren M Ashcroft, Andrew White, William Welfare, Tjeerd van Staa

PH906 / 1891 Clinical-Coded Phenotype

  1. Overview

    Phenotype Type
    Disease or syndrome
    Sex
    Both
    Valid Event Date Range
    01/01/2000 - 30/06/2015
    Coding System
    Read codes v2
    Data Sources
    CPRD GOLD
    Collections
    ClinicalCodes RepositoryPhenotype Library
    Tags
    No data
    Ontology
    No data

  2. Definition

    Objectives:

    To examine variations across general practices and factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for common infections in UK primary care to identify potential targets for improvement and optimization of prescribing.

    Methods:

    Oral antibiotic prescribing for common infections was analysed using anonymized UK primary care electronic health records between 2000 and 2015 using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). The rate of prescribing for each condition was observed over time and mean change points were compared with national guideline updates. Any correlation between the rate of prescribing for each infectious condition was estimated within a practice. Predictors of prescribing were estimated using logistic regression in a matched patient cohort (1:1 by age, sex and calendar time).

    Results:

    Over 8 million patient records were examined in 587 UK general practices. Practices varied considerably in their propensity to prescribe antibiotics and this variance increased over time. Change points in prescribing did not reflect updates to national guidelines. Prescribing levels within practices were not consistent for different infectious conditions. A history of antibiotic use significantly increased the risk of receiving a subsequent antibiotic (by 22%–48% for patients with three or more antibiotic prescriptions in the past 12months), as did higher BMI, history of smoking and flu vaccinations. Other drivers for receiving an antibiotic varied considerably for each condition.

    Conclusions:

    Large variability in antibiotic prescribing between practices and within practices was observed. Prescribing guidelines alone do not positively influence a change in prescribing, suggesting more targeted interventions are required to optimize antibiotic prescribing in the UK.

  3. Implementation

    Implementation

    No data

  4. Clinical Code List

  5. Publication

    Related publications

    • Victoria Palin, Anna Molter, Darren M Ashcroft, Andrew White, William Welfare, Tjeerd van Staa, Antibiotic prescribing for common infections in UK general practice variability and drivers. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 74:2440-2450, 2019.

    Citation Example

    Victoria Palin, Anna Molter, Miguel Belmonte, Darren M Ashcroft, Andrew White, William Welfare, Tjeerd van Staa. PH906 / 1891 - Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI). Phenotype Library [Online]. 04 April 2022. Available from: http://phenotypes.healthdatagateway.org/phenotypes/PH906/version/1891/detail/. [Accessed 21 March 2025]

  6. API

    To Export Phenotype Details:

    FormatAPI
    JSON site_root/api/v1/phenotypes/PH906/version/1891/detail/?format=json
    R Package

    # Download here

    library(ConceptLibraryClient)


    # Connect to API

    client = ConceptLibraryClient::Connection$new(public=TRUE)


    # Get details of phenotype

    phenotype_details = client$phenotypes$get_detail(
     'PH906',
     version_id=1891
    )

    Py Package

    # Download here

    from pyconceptlibraryclient import Client


    # Connect to API

    client = Client(public=True)


    # Get codelist of phenotype

    phenotype_codelist = client.phenotypes.get_detail(
     'PH906',
     version_id=1891
    )

    To Export Phenotype Code List:

    FormatAPI
    JSON site_root/api/v1/phenotypes/PH906/version/1891/export/codes/?format=json
    R Package

    # Download here

    library(ConceptLibraryClient)


    # Connect to API

    client = ConceptLibraryClient::Connection$new(public=TRUE)


    # Get codelist of phenotype

    phenotype_codelist = client$phenotypes$get_codelist(
     'PH906',
     version_id=1891
    )

    Py Package

    # Download here

    from pyconceptlibraryclient import Client


    # Connect to API

    client = Client(public=True)


    # Get codelist of phenotype

    phenotype_codelist = client.phenotypes.get_codelist(
     'PH906',
     version_id=1891
    )

  7. Version History

    Version IDNameOwnerPublish date
    Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) ieuan.scanlon2022-04-04 07:09